Are there long-term risks associated with common high blood pressure medications?

Are there long-term risks associated with common high blood pressure medications?

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The presence of high blood pressure alone may increase the chance of developing a number of chronic health issues. Long-term medication use is common in the management of high blood pressure, and this may come with certain health risks. Three drugs that are frequently used to treat high blood pressure were found to have a similar link with cardiovascular mortality in a recent study. Additionally, the findings suggested that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors might raise the risk of stroke. Many aspects of health can be enhanced by managing high blood pressure over the long term. People can occasionally manage their blood pressure without taking medicine. On the other hand, a number of over-the-counter drugs can help with long-term care. In a recent study, people taking one of three popular blood pressure medications were examined for mortality as well as a number of other health outcomes (JAMA Network). Regardless of the type of medication, the researchers found that the mortality risk from cardiovascular disease was similar among the over 32,000 high blood pressure participants in their analysis. Subsequent data analysis, however, revealed that using ACE inhibitors as opposed to diuretics increased the risk of both fatal and nonfatal stroke by 11%. The findings suggest that more investigation is required to ascertain the possible risk of drugs such as ACE inhibitors.

Blood pressure, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), is the force of blood pressing against your artery walls. Your body’s arteries transport blood from your heart to different areas. Excessive blood pressure can lead to a number of complications, including heart attack, stroke, heart failure, and vision loss. People can alter their lifestyles to control high blood pressure by exercising frequently, consuming less alcohol, and consuming less sodium. To help maintain blood pressure in a healthy range, many high blood pressure sufferers take medication. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and thiazide-type diuretics are the three main drug classes used to control blood pressure. All of these drugs can help lower blood pressure, even though their modes of action vary slightly. The purpose of this study was to examine some long-term effects of using specific high blood pressure medications. The design of the study allowed researchers to follow up with participants in a passive manner for up to 23 years. A preplanned secondary analysis of the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) was conducted in this study. Of these participants, data from 32,804 could be included by researchers.

The participants had high blood pressure, were 55 years of age or older, and had one or more additional coronary heart disease risk factors. Researchers examined a number of participant outcomes, including: Mortality from cardiovascular disease overall; Mortality from cardiovascular disease combined with nonfatal outcomes; Morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, end-stage renal disease, and heart failure. The original trial in question was a double-blind clinical trial in which participants were randomly assigned to receive one of three initial medications for high blood pressure: amlodipine, an ACE inhibitor (lisinopril), or chlorthalidone, a thiazide-type diuretic. Participants in the initial trial were also given doxazosin, an α-blocker, but this portion of the trial was terminated early. The three different medication types that were looked at in the study were described in detail to Medical News Today by Dr. Cheng-Han Chen, a board-certified interventional cardiologist and medical director of the Structural Heart Program at MemorialCare Saddleback Medical Center in Laguna Hills, California. Dr. Cheng-Han Chen was not involved in the study. The three different drug classes that were examined in the documentation each have a unique method of efficiently lowering high blood pressure. A diuretic of the thiazide type works by making your body excrete salt and water, which lowers the fluid volume in blood vessels and the systemic pressure that follows. By lowering the amount of calcium that enters the blood vessel walls, a calcium-channel blocker helps to relax the blood vessel walls.

Through data from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Social Security Administration, and National Death Index databases, researchers were able to conduct a secondary analysis that extended beyond the first trial period. Jose-Miguel Yamal, Ph., is the study’s author. D. UTHealth Houston School of Public Health associate professor of biostatistics and data science, stated to MNT: We aimed to ascertain whether there was a difference in the long-term risk of mortality and morbidity outcomes for older adults with hypertension who were starting with one of three widely used antihypertensive treatments: an ACE inhibitor, a calcium channel blocker, or a thiazide-type diuretic. Participants in a seminal clinical trial that compared these treatments were tracked for approximately five years. Much longer than what was possible by contacting participants one-on-one, we took that group of patients and linked their data with some other administrative datasets, such as Medicare, to be able to determine whether they ended up having other outcomes up to 23 years after they started the trial, he continued. The study’s findings showed that each medicine had a comparable death risk from cardiovascular disease. Regarding the other secondary outcomes, the groups’ results were likewise comparable. The primary distinction was that the ACE inhibitor was linked to an 11% higher risk of both fatal and nonfatal strokes that required hospitalization. This was in contrast to the diuretic of the thiazide type.

The higher risk was no longer significant, the researchers observed, once multiple comparisons were taken into consideration. They thus think that people should proceed with caution when interpreting the results. Many of the findings from the first ALLHAT study, which influenced clinical guidelines, are supported by this study. Diuretics and calcium channel blockers have been demonstrated to have superior blood pressure control and lower the risk of stroke compared to ACE inhibitors when stroke risk is a significant factor. This effect lasted well past the trial period. To validate these findings with long-term blood pressure medication use, more research is necessary. A board-certified cardiologist at Providence Saint John’s Health Center in Santa Monica, California, Dr. Rigved Tadwalkar, who was not involved in the study, said the research provided insightful information about the long-term consequences of antihypertensive drugs. The absence of significant differences in the mortality from cardiovascular disease among patients treated with these three classes of medications over an extended follow-up period of up to 23 years is the most noteworthy observation. This implies that the long-term efficacy of these antihypertensive classes is comparatively comparable when looking at mortality.

There are certain limitations to this research. Firstly, it fails to prove a cause-and-effect connection between the variables. After all was revealed, bias might have occurred, and it’s probable that participants stopped taking their medications after learning the truth. Additionally, the researchers lacked information regarding the use of blood pressure medications after trials from 2002 to 2006. None of the analyses were found to be statistically significant after multiple comparisons were taken into account. Some trial participants—like those from Canada—were not contacted by the researchers after the initial trial. Additionally, they were unable to obtain long-term morbidity follow-up from Veterans Affairs clients and non-Medicare participants. This might have restricted the research and reduced the generalizability of the findings. Additionally, blood pressure readings and laboratory data were not provided to the researchers following the conclusion of the initial trial.

The next most noteworthy finding about MNT, according to Dr. Tadwalkar, is that patients taking ACE inhibitors had an 11% higher chance of experiencing a combined fatal and nonfatal hospitalized stroke when compared to those taking diuretics. However, given the possible influence of unmeasured confounding variables and the fact that posttrial data on the use of antihypertensive medications were unavailable for the study for a number of years (2002 to 2006), this finding should be interpreted cautiously. He said that the absence of information could have led to crossover or regression to comparable drugs, which could have affected the results that were seen. When all is said and done, the results highlight how important it is to continuously monitor and review antihypertensive regimens, with an emphasis on individualized treatment plans for each patient. In this case, shared decision-making between patients and clinicians is essential because of the variations in observed outcomes over a long period of time.

REFERENCES:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/common-medications-high-blood-pressure-long-term-health-risk
https://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/side-effects-high-blood-pressure-medications
https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/changes-you-can-make-to-manage-high-blood-pressure/managing-high-blood-pressure-medications
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/939871

For blood pressure medications that have been suggested by doctors worldwide are available here https://mygenericpharmacy.com/index.php?cPath=77

Consuming more navy beans could aid in the prevention of colorectal cancer.

Consuming more navy beans could aid in the prevention of colorectal cancer.

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Even though colorectal cancer is very treatable when detected in its early stages, most cases are discovered when the disease has progressed. Within five years of receiving treatment for colorectal cancer, recurrence rates range from 7% to 29%. A good diet and other lifestyle modifications can help prevent colorectal cancer. Recent studies have shown that including navy beans, sometimes referred to as haricot beans, in the diets of colorectal cancer survivors improved their gut microbiomes, which may help prevent and treat the disease. The third most common type of cancer worldwide is colorectal cancer, which affects the large intestine, including the colon and the rectum. When detected early enough, colorectal cancer is very treatable and in certain cases even curable. On the other hand, colorectal cancer does not always exhibit symptoms right away. Merely 35 percent or approximately three to four out of ten colorectal cancer cases are detected during the early stages of the disease, when it is still localized. Even with advancements in treatment, between 7 and 29 percent of patients with colorectal cancer may experience a recurrence within five years of finishing treatment, depending on the location and stage of the disease, according to recent research.

While there is no guarantee against colorectal cancer, research from the past indicates that maintaining a healthy weight, exercising frequently, and following certain dietary recommendations can all be beneficial. Presently, M.D researchers from The University of Texas. Researchers at the Anderson Cancer Center have discovered that including navy beans, sometimes referred to as haricot beans, in the diets of people who have survived colorectal cancer can enhance their gut microbiome, which may help prevent and treat cancer. The nutritional profiles of other dry beans, peas, and lentils may also stimulate the gut microbiome, according to Dr. Carrie Daniel-MacDougall, an associate professor of epidemiology at The University of Texas MdotD. The lead author of this study, from Anderson Cancer Center, told Medical News Today that she was especially motivated by encouraging results from early preclinical or mouse model studies that looked specifically at how navy beans affected the trifecta of obesity, inflammation, and colorectal cancer. Dr. Daniel-MacDougall stated that the Polyp Prevention Trial (PPT) served as an inspiration for these investigations, including her own. She continued, This large study demonstrated that the individuals who consumed the most beans on a daily basis or nearly did so had a lower risk of recurrence of advanced colorectal adenoma, a type of precancerous and high-risk polyp that is very likely to progress to colorectal cancer if not caught promptly upon colonoscopy and completely removed.

Pinto, navy, and black beans were the most popular beans consumed by Americans at the time of the PPT, though their popularity varied. S. area. I knew navy beans here in Texas would also be “new” to participants and have a mild/adaptable taste, so I knew they would be ideal for testing in a consistent and controlled way over the course of eight weeks, she continued. A balanced gut microbiome is crucial for colorectal cancer survivors, according to Dr. Daniel-MacDougall, as it interacts directly with the colon epithelium, which is the site of colorectal cancer development. She went on to say that the immune system is closely related to this “cross-talk” between human cells and bacteria, which can either drive or prevent inflammation as well as the onset and spread of cancer. Dr. Daniel-MacDougall continued, “Survivors of cancer want to avoid other major and debilitating health issues after overcoming the arduous journey of the disease.”. The significance of the gut microbiome in colorectal cancer has also been demonstrated by earlier studies. According to a July 2023 study, microbial therapies for colorectal cancer may target the gut microbiome. According to a June 2020 study, dietary modifications tailored to an individual’s gut microbiota may help stop colorectal cancer (CRC) from starting and spreading while also enhancing the effectiveness of antitumoral therapy.

In order to conduct this study, Dr. Daniel-MacDougall and her colleagues randomly assigned 55 male and female participants over the age of thirty who had previously experienced bowel lesions, colorectal cancer, or were at high risk of developing precancerous polyps. Of these, 48 (87 percent) of the participants finished the study. Participants were asked to consume a cup of organic, canned, pressure-cooked white navy beans every day for eight weeks, or they could continue with their regular diet. Researchers found that individuals who regularly ate navy beans had improvements in their gut microbiome. These alterations included a decrease in pathogenic, or opportunistic, bacteria and an increase in alpha diversity, or beneficial bacteria like Eubacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibacterium. While some doctors might feel at ease discussing healthy living, exercise, and eating more fruits and vegetables and less red and processed meat with their patients, Dr. Daniel-MacDougall noted that beans are frequently less likely to come up in conversation and may be more difficult to sell in a population with a history of bowel lesions or bowel issues. She continued, “I hope that this trial’s results and other supporting evidence will make beans a regular topic of conversation and that more medical professionals and patients will recognize the importance of whole foods to achieve a broader impact on health.”. MNT also had a conversation with Dr. Anton Bilchik, director of the Gastrointestinal and Hepatob Institute, chief of medicine, and surgical oncologist.

With between 2 and 3 trillion bacteria in the human body and strong evidence linking these bacteria to a reduced risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease, Dr. Bilchik stated that he thought this study was highly significant and pertinent. In addition, we may harbor both beneficial and harmful bacteria. Thus, he emphasized, it would be crucial if we could use nutrition to boost the good bacteria that influence the immune system and prevent cancer or cancer recurrence. Additionally, given the wealth of new knowledge about bacteria and how diet can affect them, Dr. Bilchik stated that doctors must discuss gut health with their patients who have colorectal cancer. For instance, it is commonly known that individuals who consume processed foods, red meat, and charred meat have a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer. And because other foods, like processed food, may be stimulating the bad bacteria to increase the risk of colorectal cancer and cancer currently, it is critical to know that there are healthier foods that can stimulate bacteria to prevent cancer or to prevent cancer recurrence. Therefore, Dr. Bilchik continued, diet and nutrition should play a critical role in the conversation regarding the prevention of colorectal cancer as well as the treatment of patients who already have the disease to reduce the likelihood that it will return.

REFERENCES:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/eating-more-navy-haricot-beans-may-help-colorectal-cancer-prevention-treatment
https://ascopost.com/news/december-2023/consuming-navy-beans-may-improve-gut-health-regulate-immune-and-inflammatory-processes-in-colorectal-cancer-survivors/
https://www.mdanderson.org/newsroom/eating-beans-improves-gut-health-regulates-immune-inflammatory-processes-colorectal-cancer-survivors.h00-159623379.html
https://medicaldialogues.in/gastroenterology/news/eating-beans-may-prevent-recurrence-of-colorectal-cancer-study-121017

For cancer disease medications that have been suggested by doctors worldwide are available here https://mygenericpharmacy.com/index.php?cPath=77_115

Ibuprofen may not be the most effective medication for migraines.

Ibuprofen may not be the most effective medication for migraines.

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Triptans are the most successful drugs for treating migraine attacks, according to research. The second most effective drugs were discovered to be ergots and antiemetics. The researchers emphasize that there are numerous, efficient methods for treating migraine episodes. The most successful treatment for migraine attacks is triptans, which are marketed under brands like Imitrex, Zomig, and Maxalt, according to a study that was just published online in the Neurology journal. Ibuprofen, which is marketed under the brands Advil and Motrin, has been found to be two to three times less effective than other classes of medications, such as ergots and antiemetics. Comparing 25 drugs from seven different drug classes, researchers looked at which ones worked best for treating migraine attacks when compared to ibuprofen. Using a smartphone app, the scientists gathered data on over 4.7 million treatment attempts made by almost 300,000 people over the course of six years. Based on user input, frequency, triggers, symptoms, medication, and medication effectiveness, the app gathered data. The top three drug classes, according to the researchers, were: Triptans; Ergots (Migranal, Trudhesa, Cafergot, Ergomar, Ergostat); Antiemetics (Reglan, Compro); and 42 percent of the participants said ibuprofen was effective.

Dr. Noah Rosen, the vice chair of neurology at Northwell Health in New York and an unaffiliated third party, stated that underdosing on ibuprofen raises the risk of recurrence. Underdosing is frequently done to minimize side effects such as stomach irritation. Furthermore, Rosen told Medical News Today that the drug’s halflife—the amount of time it remains active in your body—is relatively brief. Some similar drugs, such as naproxen, remain in the body for a lot longer and stop headaches from coming back. Ibuprofen has a moderate benefit, especially for those who experience less frequent events or who also have neck or jaw pain, but there are other more targeted options that may be more effective and less likely to cause a recurrence of the headache. Eletriptan (6 times more effective than ibuprofen), Zolmitriptan (5 times more effective than ibuprofen), and Sumatriptan (5 times more effective than ibuprofen) were the top three medications, according to the study. The participants reported that eletriptan was helpful 78% of the time, zolmitriptan 74% of the time, and sumatriptan 72% of the time. Other medication classes, including acetaminophen (Tylenol) and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), were also examined by the researchers. The effectiveness of the NSAIDs other than ibuprofen was 94% higher. A popular mix of aspirin, caffeine, and acetaminophen was found to be 69% more effective than ibuprofen. Only acetaminophen proved beneficial 37% of the time.

I am not surprised by these results, said Dr. Medhat Mikhael, a pain management specialist and medical director of the nonoperative program at the Spine Health Center at Memorial Care Orange Coast Medical Center in California. The scientists looked at other NSAIDs and found that all of them were more effective than ibuprofen. Ketorolac (Toradol) was helpful 62 percent of the time. Indomethacin (Tivorbex) was helpful 57 percent of the time. Diclofenac (Flector, Cambia, Zipsor) was helpful 56 percent of the time. Since migraines are brought on by artery vasodilation, triptans and ergots are excellent treatments. By narrowing the arteries, these drugs reduce pain. Inflammation is treated by ibuprofen. Medical News Today was informed by Mikhael, who was not involved in the study, that it is beneficial for inflammatory conditions such as arthritis. Ibuprofen typically doesn’t completely eliminate migraine pain, but it may lessen its intensity. The speed at which ibuprofen leaves your system is another issue. It may begin to relieve symptoms, but after two hours the pain might return. The authors point out that there are numerous migraine relief treatment options available. Dr. ChiaChun Chiang, a study author and neurologist at the Mayo Clinic in Roch, stated, “Our hope is that this study shows that there are many alternatives that work for migraine and we encourage people to talk with their doctors about how to treat this painful and debilitating condition.”.

One of the study’s limitations, according to the researchers, is that the results were self-reported by the participants, meaning that a variety of factors, such as the participants’ expectations of the medication, could have an impact. Another drawback is that the study did not include more recent migraine drugs, such as ditans (Lasmiditan) and gepants (ubrogepant, atogepant, and rimegepant), because there was insufficient information available about them at the time of the investigation. According to UC Davis Health, migraine is a neurological disorder or syndrome rather than just a headache. Although they are a crucial symptom, headaches do not always accompany migraines. The membrane separating the brain and the skull, known as the dura, is inflamed under nerve control, which is what causes headache pain. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke describes it as occurring on one side of the head and characterized by recurrent episodes of moderate to severe throbbing and pulsating pain. Rosen pointed out that migraine is more than just severe headaches. It is frequently distinguished by the accompanying symptoms. The classic migraine pain is sharp, one-sided pain that lasts in a typical way for two to twenty-four hours. These are usually moderate to severe in intensity, and they usually get worse when moving. These incidents are linked to either nausea and vomiting or sensitivity to light and sound. Prodromal or postdromal states, which occur before or after the actual head pain, can cause behavioral abnormalities, yawning, food cravings, and changes in energy levels in a lot of people. Hormonal fluctuations may play a role in the prevalence of migraines in adult women.

REFERENCES:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/certain-migraine-medications-may-be-more-effective-than-ibuprofen#What-is-migraine?
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/11/231129174011.htm
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5935632/
https://www.withcove.com/learn/best-over-the-counter-migraine-medication

For migraine medications that have been suggested by doctors worldwide are available here https://mygenericpharmacy.com/index.php?cPath=77_273

Not every case of lung cancer has a smoking connection.

Not every case of lung cancer has a smoking connection.

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It is an undeniable fact that lung cancer can be caused by tobacco use. According to Cancer Research UK, a nonprofit organization based in the United Kingdom, smoking is the primary cause of both 72% of lung cancer cases and 86% of lung cancer deaths. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), smoking is linked to up to 90% of lung cancer deaths in the US. Lung cancer risk can be significantly decreased by quitting smoking or, better yet, by never starting to smoke. Smoking is not a cause of lung cancer in all cases, though. Furthermore, non-smoking related lung cancer cases are increasing while smoking-related lung cancer cases are beginning to decline. A disease known as cancer occurs when certain body cells proliferate out of control and invade other bodily regions. Any cancer that affects the lung tissue, bronchi (airways), or trachea (windpipe) is classified as lung cancer. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are the two primary forms of lung cancer. Approximately 80%–85% of lung cancer cases are NSCLC. NSCLC can be classified into three primary types: large cell carcinoma, where cells appear larger than typical when examined under a microscope; squamous cell carcinoma, which tends to grow near the center of the lungs and starts in the flat cells that cover the airway surface; and adenocarcinoma, which begins in the mucus cells lining the airways.

As a whole, in the U. S. the estimated 5-year survival rate for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is 28%, which indicates that 28% of patients with NSCLC are expected to survive five years after diagnosis. On the other hand, survival rates are constantly rising. Lung cancer has historically afflicted more men than women. Women’s smoking rates peaked in the U.S. S. as these women grew older, the incidence of lung cancer rose in the 1960s. There has been an alarming increase in lung cancer cases among younger women (ages 30-49) in recent years. The term “EGFR+ lung cancer” refers to a type of lung cancer, typically an adenocarcinoma, that is brought on by a mutation in the protein known as “EGFR,” which is involved in the growth and division of healthy cells rather than smoking. The gene becomes mutated, telling cells to divide continuously, which results in cancerous tumors. According to the American Lung Association (ALA), 10–15 percent of lung cancers in the United States have an EGFR+ mutation. S. The two most prevalent EGFR mutations are the EGFR L858R point mutation, which modifies a single nucleotide (small unit of DNA), and the EGFR 19 deletion, which results in a portion of the gene being absent. The Exon 20 insertion mutation, which accounts for 4–10% of EGFR+ lung cancer cases, is less frequent. Women are more likely than men to develop this kind of lung cancer. Additionally, younger individuals, those who have never smoked, and those who have smoked lightly in the past are more likely to receive a diagnosis than heavy smokers. Thus, it may share some of the blame for the observed increases.

Numerous lung cancer patients experience negative stigma related to their alleged lifestyles. MNT designed the collage, and Rankin took the photos for the See Through the Symptoms campaign. Images courtesy of EGFR+ UK. Prof. Robert Rintoul is a professor of thoracic oncology at the University of Cambridge’s Department of Oncology. K. , an honorary consultant respiratory physician at the Cambridge-based Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, stated to Medical News Today: “Many individuals with EGFR+ status do not consider lung cancer as a possible cause of their symptoms because they are either light or never smokers. “Oh, it can’t be that bad; I’ve never smoked.”. When the disease does manifest, these patients frequently do so at a later stage and with more advanced symptoms. Lung cancer is no longer a disease exclusive to smokers; at present, 15% of all cases of lung cancer that we diagnose (regardless of EGFR status) are never smokers. As per the CDC, 20 percent or more of lung cancer cases in the U.S. S. are identified among non-smokers. Prof. Regardless of smoking history, Rintoul recommended that everyone be aware of the symptoms, which include: a persistent cough lasting longer than three weeks; recurrent chest infections; blood in the cough; weight loss; unexplained fatigue; chest pain; and unexplained dyspnea. EGFR+ survivor Dr. Gini Harrison, a psychologist and research trustee at EGFR+ UK, issued a warning, pointing out that not everyone experiences these common symptoms, especially in the case of EGFR+ lung cancer.

“I was forty years old. After giving birth to my son in February 2021, I experienced excruciating shoulder pain almost immediately. And that was it. My only symptom was that. No wheezing, no breathing problems—none at all. She informed us that my GP [primary care physician] believed it was likely tendonitis brought on by improper breastfeeding posture. Furthermore, she stated that many of us only exhibit musculoskeletal symptoms at diagnosis, such as shoulder, chest, or back pain. Her unusual symptoms contributed to the nine months it took to diagnose her cancer. Funding for lung cancer research is scarce. Despite being the second most common cancer in women and the most common cancer in men, it receives relatively little funding when considering the total cost of cancer. Lung cancer accounts for 14% of all cancer cases and 18% of all cancer deaths worldwide, but between 2016 and 2020, only 53% of all cancer research funding was allocated to lung cancer research. Is it possible that this is a result of the stigma attached to lung cancer? Considering that 80–90% of people who pass away from lung cancer had smoked in the past, and smoking is frequently blamed for the disease, this could be a factor.

It is imperative, however, that this perspective shift, according to Dr. Harrison: “We need to raise awareness that lung cancer can happen to anyone with lungs, regardless of smoking status.”. Eliminating this stigma would increase awareness, support, funding for research, visibility, and knowledge, all of which should eventually improve symptom detection and early identification, treatment options, and survival rates. The prognosis for lung cancer is better the earlier it is identified. A person with NSCLC who is diagnosed at an early, or localized, stage has a 65 percent chance of surviving for five years, according to the American Cancer Society. However, only 9% of those whose cancer has spread to other parts of their bodies prior to diagnosis have a chance of surviving for an additional five years. Nevertheless, as Dr. Harrison indicated, the prognosis is getting better for people with lung cancer of all kinds. People are living far longer these days than they did a few years ago thanks to targeted therapies. When you look up the statistics on Google after receiving a diagnosis, the appalling results you find are shocking. However, those figures are incredibly outdated. She noted that they haven’t considered the targeted therapies. The cancer’s stage determines the course of treatment for NSCLC. Early detection allows for complete removal of the cancer with no need for follow-up treatments when treated with surgery, photodynamic therapy (PDT), laser therapy, or brachytherapy (internal radiation). The furrier the diagnosis of cancer, the later it comes.

Treatment options for lung cancer in its later stages include surgery, radiation therapy, immunotherapy (drugs that boost the immune system’s ability to fight cancer), and/or chemotherapy. To target therapy, gene mutations in the tumors will be examined. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, or TKIs, are a class of medications used to treat EGFR+ lung cancer. TKIs block the enzymes that activate proteins like EGFR. Tacrieva (erlotinib), Gilotrif (afatanib), Iressa (gefitinib), Vidimpro (dacomitinib), and Tagrisso (osimertinib) are the five TKIs that are approved for the treatment of EGFR+ lung cancer. Patients with EGFR mutations in NSCLC can significantly increase their chances of survival and quality of life with these drugs. Nevertheless, other gene mutations may impact their effectiveness, and tumors may develop resistance to them. The duration of the medications’ effectiveness varies from patient to patient, according to EGFR+ UK. In the event that the cancer develops resistance and grows or spreads, medical professionals will perform genetic testing to determine the specific mutation that has taken place. They will then frequently try radiation therapy or chemotherapy, which many people will respond well to, or another TKI. Genetic testing revealed that Dr. Harrison’s cancer was Exon 20, which is resistant to TKIs. Since there were no specific treatments for Exon 20 at the time of my diagnosis, they chose chemotherapy and radiation because it was a relatively local treatment.

Although she still has some long-term effects from her several months of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, she no longer has any evidence of cancer: “What has happened is the top of my lung has collapsed, as a result of the radiation, and my ribs just keep breaking, but it’s not cancer!” Recent advancements in EGFR+ lung cancer research have been made despite funding shortages. A study conducted earlier in 2023 discovered that glioblastoma, the most common type of brain tumor, has been linked to the development of CD70, a gene that promotes cell survival and invasiveness. This gene may be a potential therapeutic target for patients with resistant EGFR+ lung cancer. Although research on this topic is still in its early stages, another study has hypothesized that a vaccine could prevent the development of common lung tumors driven by EGFR mutations by stimulating immune cells. Dr. Elene Mariamidze of Todua Clinic in Tbilisi, Georgia, stated at the ESMO Congress 2023 that “we are entering an era of personalised medicine in NSCLC where we are using combinations of novel, targeted agents, and it will be essential to know the whole mutational burden of each patient at diagnosis so we can properly plan the most effective and least toxic approach.” Targeted, combined therapies appear to be the most promising route. The optimal mix of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, or targeted treatment, for individual patients is what will shape lung cancer care in the future. Marcia K. Horn, the Intern’s president and CEO, is a juris doctor.

“The PAPILLON clinical trial data were announced at the recent ESMO Congress in Madrid, and our patients and care partners who are members of the Exon 20 Group were ecstatic,” she said. The PAPILLON data indicates that amivantamab plus the chemotherapy doublet of pemetrexed/ALIMTA plus carboplatin is now the new first-line treatment for patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations. She continued, “It is imperative that our patient population has access to such a game-changing first-line therapy.”. The intention, according to EGFR+ UK, is for EGFR mutant lung cancer to develop into a long-term, chronic condition that can be managed. The care a person receives, however, varies depending on where they live, as Dr. Harrison explained to MNT: “New discoveries are made on a regular basis, but even though there are numerous clinical trials located in the U.S. Few of them have locations in the U.S. K. , and access to medications is far worse here. “There is a huge disparity in care, both within the U.S. K. and between various nations. She said, “It’s incredibly frustrating.”. “Importantly, patient advocacy is crucial. Our job at the charity is to empower patients to advocate for themselves by educating and guiding them. However, things are looking up. People are living longer these days. Dr. Harrison told us that he knew someone who is still alive 34 years after being diagnosed.

REFERENCES:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/things-you-may-not-know-about-egfr-positive-lung-cancer
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7431055/
https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/lung-cancer-in-nonsmokers
https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/basic_info/risk_factors.htm

For cancer disease medications that have been suggested by doctors worldwide are available here https://mygenericpharmacy.com/index.php?cPath=77_115

How elevated blood pressure and cholesterol raise the risk of heart disease in younger adults.

How elevated blood pressure and cholesterol raise the risk of heart disease in younger adults.

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According to a recent study, younger people may be more susceptible than previously thought to cardiovascular issues. They contend that early detection of cardiovascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure and cholesterol, is crucial for young adults. Early lifestyle changes, according to experts, can lower a person’s chance of developing heart issues later in life. Cardiovascular problems are not limited to the elderly. A recent study suggests that younger adults may be more susceptible to the effects of high blood pressure and cholesterol, two common modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, and may also be at a higher risk of developing artery-narrowing atherosclerosis. The research, conducted at the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) in Spain, comes to the conclusion that people should begin taking care of their cardiovascular health earlier in life. The findings emphasize that younger adults need to aggressively control cardiovascular risk factors, and they were published this week in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. According to researchers, “early cardiovascular risk factor control and surveillance of subclinical atherosclerosis” are essential components of primary preventive strategies.

Early detection of subclinical atherosclerosis and strict control of risk factors may lessen the worldwide burden of cardiovascular disease, according to a statement from Dr. Valentin Fuster, co-leader of the study, general director of CNIC, and chief physician at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York. According to the research team, middle-aged people frequently experience the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis, particularly when their blood pressure and LDL cholesterol levels are even slightly elevated. They added that aggressive management of risk factors starting at a young age can stop the progression of atherosclerosis, something that both the general public and medical professionals should be aware of. The results of this study demonstrate that, in younger individuals, mild elevations in blood pressure and cholesterol have a significantly greater influence on the advancement of atherosclerosis, according to a statement from Dr. Borja Ibáñez, scientific director of CNIC and cardiologist at Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz in Madrid. Few research, according to the team, have looked into how silent atherosclerosis develops over the course of a person’s life in those who are symptom-free, regardless of age or apparent health in middle age.

Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis (PESA-CNIC-Santander study) was initiated in 2009 with close collaboration between CNIC and Santander Bank. Over 4,000 bank employees in Madrid, aged 20 to 39, who appeared healthy, volunteered for a comprehensive, noninvasive examination of their femoral, coronary, and carotid arteries as well as their aorta. Additionally, blood samples were given by the participants for sophisticated proteomic, metabolomic, and genomic analyses. The results of the study, according to the researchers, have significant ramifications for personalized medicine and cardiovascular prevention. It demonstrates the need to start managing risk factors early in life, when arteries are more susceptible to their effects (primarily elevated cholesterol and hypertension). The other major finding of the study, according to cardiologist and study first author Dr. Guiomar Mendieta, was that atherosclerosis, which was previously thought to be irreversible, can be reversed if risk factors are managed early on. Dr. The “incredibly thorough study sends an important message,” according to Samantha Lee, a director of cardiac telemetry at Northwell Health in New York who was not involved in the research, as stated to Medical News Today. She stated that atherosclerosis, which she referred to as “a fancy term for plaque build-up in the arteries,” is more common in people who have high blood pressure and cholesterol for an extended period of time.

According to Lee, this is not a novel idea. What makes this study unique, though, is that by managing your blood pressure and cholesterol at an early age, you can actually eliminate the amount of plaque in your arteries—as observed in 8% of participants. If you put off treating these risk factors, you may lose the chance for your atherosclerosis to get better. Medical News Today was informed by Dr. Rigved Tadwalkar, a cardiologist at Providence Saint John’s Health Center in California who was not involved in the study, that the study indicates early screening for subclinical atherosclerosis may be crucial in identifying individuals who are at risk. Tadwalkar stated, “In light of these results, it would be beneficial for medical professionals to begin evaluating cardiovascular risk earlier on, including during check-ups in early adulthood.”. “This strategy aligns with the notion that the burden of cardiovascular disease can be decreased by aggressively controlling cardiovascular risk factors and implementing early intervention. According to Tadwalkar, the majority of those at higher risk are still older, but the study makes clear that younger people can also develop cardiovascular disease. “Even in young adults who appear to be in good health, proactive strategies are important,” Tadwalkar stated. We are aware that people who have a family history of cardiovascular disease may be at a higher risk, which makes early detection and close observation even more important, especially in light of the development of atherosclerosis.

Dr. Nieca Goldberg is a clinical associate professor of medicine at NYU Grossman School of Medicine and the medical director of Atria New York City. Young people are susceptible to atherosclerosis, according to Goldberg, who was not involved in the study but told Medical News Today that “autopsy studies in young people who have died in car accidents have shown atherosclerosis.”. According to Goldberg, the study’s advocacy for early risk factor intervention is what makes it novel. Genetics indicates that you are predisposed, and leading an unhealthy lifestyle quickens the process. Everyone should strive to reduce their cardiovascular risk factors, and the earlier the better, according to Goldberg. She stated that it is important to promote healthy lifestyles and walk the walk. “It’s critical to address this among schoolchildren by implementing healthy lunch programs and youth smoking cessation initiatives. We must improve the way we communicate with people of all ages. One strategy is to persuade them to see a primary care physician, who can order laboratory tests for glucose and cholesterol as well as assess risk factors like blood pressure and weight, according to Goldberg.

Doctor J. “Generally speaking, CAD (coronary artery disease) risk factors are remarkably modifiable by sustained lifestyle improvements across a vast genetic spectrum,” said Wes Ulm, a bioinformatic scientific resource analyst and biomedical data specialist at the National Institutes of Health who was not involved in the study, to Medical News Today. According to Ulm, “better stress management, meditation, quitting smoking, minimizing alcohol intake, increasing various forms of exercise, moderation of refined sugar and saturated fat intake (and replacing saturated and trans fats with unsaturated fats), healthy weight maintenance, and smoking cessation are all quite effective in nudging the above CAD risk factors in a healthier direction, including in younger people.”. Ulm went on to say that the study might be significant for society as a whole. The significantly lower life expectancy of Americans compared to those in other developed nations, even after accounting for common factors such as genetics, is one of the most important public health mysteries of our time, according to Ulm.

According to him, this is where the mentioned research may have some of its most intriguing and unexpected ramifications because it serves to highlight the significant and frequently underestimated significance of particular structural, geographic, and cultural elements that support particular lifestyle choices. Tadwalkar went on to say that poor sleep quality and sleep apnea are becoming known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. According to him, changing one’s lifestyle to a heart-healthy diet low in cholesterol and saturated fats, getting regular exercise, and giving up tobacco use are all crucial. According to Tadwalkar, “These lifestyle modifications can greatly aid in controlling contributing risk factors like high blood pressure and cholesterol.”. Regular screenings and check-ups are essential for identifying risk factors early on. Additionally, this can assist in identifying those who require pharmacological interventions, such as antihypertensive or cholesterol-lowering medications, in addition to lifestyle modifications.

REFERENCES:

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Which foods may raise the risk of colon cancer and which may decrease it?

Which foods may raise the risk of colon cancer and which may decrease it?

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One common cancer type that can have a negative impact on one’s health is colorectal cancer. The risk factors for colorectal cancer and ways in which individuals can lower their risk are still being studied. Higher consumption of white bread and alcohol was linked to a higher risk of colorectal cancer, according to data from a recent study. On the other hand, they discovered that a lower risk of colorectal cancer was linked to increased intakes of fiber, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and manganese. There are various forms of cancer that are still poorly understood by specialists. Despite significant advancements in the field, the reasons behind some people’s development of a particular type of cancer remain unclear. One type of cancer that can be severe and occasionally fatal is colorectal cancer. Researchers are still trying to figure out how people can lower their risk of colon cancer. The risk of colorectal cancer associated with the consumption of specific foods and nutrients was investigated in a study published in Nutrients. Researchers analyzed data from more than 118,000 participants and discovered that consumption of white bread and alcohol was linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer, but higher intake of fiber and nutrients, such as calcium, was linked to a lower risk. Additional investigation will support these results and might result in recommendations for clinical practice.

The purpose of this particular study was to learn more about the relationship between dietary intake and nutrient intake and colorectal cancer. They point out that people can alter the risks associated with particular foods and nutrients, which makes this a crucial area for research. They employed data from the U.S. to perform their analysis. K. Biobank, which offers a wealth of data. They looked at the connection between the risk of colorectal cancer and 139 different foods and nutrients. They also examined the interaction between this risk and the genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer. In total, 118,210 participants were included in the study, and participants were tracked for an average of nearly 13 years. There were 1,466 cases of colorectal cancer during the follow-up. Researchers used 24-hour dietary questionnaires to gather information on food consumption. Each of the analysis’s participants finished at least two 24-hour online dietary assessments. Participants with colorectal cancer at baseline were not included in the study. Based on a number of covariates, including education level, body mass index, physical activity levels, and family history of colorectal cancer, they modified the analysis. Additionally, participants’ polygenic risk scores for colorectal cancer could be generated by researchers. Based on genetics, polygenic risk scores assist in assessing a person’s susceptibility to a given ailment.

They discovered that certain characteristics were more common in participants who went on to develop colorectal cancer. For instance, their odds of being older, having a higher body mass index (BMI), and being less physically active were all higher. Additionally, the study discovered that drinking alcohol and eating white bread were linked to a higher risk of colorectal cancer. However, there was a correlation found between a lower risk of colorectal cancer and dietary fiber, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and manganese. The study did not discover any proof that the genetic background of the participants affected the risk associated with nutrient consumption. Not involved in the study, Rick Miller is a principal dietitian at Miller and Everton and a registered dietitian at King Edward VII’s Hospital in London, United Kingdom. He gave his thoughts on the findings of the research to Medical News Today, saying, “An interesting finding was that the authors reported white bread, which could be defined as an ultra-processed food was associated with an elevated colorectal cancer risk, over alcohol.”. Along with the risk reduction associated with manganese intake, the authors observed an inverse risk association with dietary fiber intake. It is possible that the effects of these risks differ for men and women. “[A]ny dietary factor was significantly associated with CRC [colorectal cancer] risk among women after multiple corrections,” the study reported. “.

In a statement, the study’s non-participating board-certified osteopathic physician Dr. Brian Black stated that the results “[support] existing literature reinforcing the body of evidence that alcohol and white bread are positively associated with colorectal cancer risks.”. “These are consistent with a more comprehensive comprehension of the possible drawbacks of diets heavy in processed carbohydrates and their association with an increased risk of cancer,” he continued. All things considered, this study advances our understanding of putative colorectal cancer risk factors. But it’s also important to consider its limitations. Initially, because it concentrates on the European population, the findings may not be as generalizable to other populations. The authors also point out that their ability to examine the effects of specific nutrients on their own was somewhat constrained. Additionally, a portion of the data was self-reported by the participants, which could introduce errors. Future research, according to the researchers, may help validate the findings of this study. It might also investigate the disparity in colorectal cancer risk between genders. Future studies, according to Miller, might examine the distinction between dietary sources—plant and animal—and the relationship between lowered colorectal cancer risk and specific nutrients. He was informed by the authors that a higher dietary intake of phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium was linked to a lower risk of colon cancer.

Plant-based foods (such as plants) and animal products are abundant sources of these essential nutrients. derived from animals (dairy products, meat, and shellfish) and plants (wheatgerm, legumes, nuts, and seeds). It is challenging to conclude that the CRC risk reduction would be the same for sources derived from plants versus animals, though, because plant-based foods have a lower relative bioavailability of these micronutrients. To find out, more interventional trials would need to be carried out. All rectum and large intestine cancers are categorized as colon cancer. When polyps develop on the inside walls of the large intestine or rectum, colorectal cancer may start. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have stated that colorectal cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in the US. Sometimes, when there is a better chance of an effective course of treatment, doctors can detect colorectal cancer early. This is the reason that early colorectal cancer screening is so important. Understanding the risk factors for colorectal cancer is of interest to researchers as well. Increasing age, a family history of colorectal cancer, eating a diet low in fruits and vegetables, and obesity are risk factors. Physicians can better counsel patients about healthy lifestyle modifications that can help lower risk when researchers gain a better understanding of modifiable risk factors.

REFERENCES:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/which-foods-may-increase-and-which-may-lower-bowel-cancer-risk
https://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/ss/slideshow-foods-prevent
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/latest-news/six-ways-to-lower-your-risk-for-colon-cancer.html

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Is it possible for children to get migraines ?

Is it possible for children to get migraines ?

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About 3–10% of kids suffer from migraines. Up until puberty, when roughly half of these kids or young teens stop having migraine episodes, the prevalence rises with age. Alternatively, if a person develops migraines in their adolescence, they are more likely to carry the illness into adulthood. Males and females are equally likely to experience migraines prior to puberty. Females are more likely to experience it after puberty. Many of the symptoms experienced by adults with migraines also affect children. The symptoms can include a headache that lasts for two to seventy-two hours, a headache on one side of the head, moderate to severe pain, pain that worsens with physical activity, nausea or vomiting aura, and sensory disturbances like flashing lights in the field of vision, which may be the first symptom. According to the National Migraine Centre of the United Kingdom, children are more likely than adults to experience pain in multiple locations or throughout the entire head. Children’s episodes might also be shorter than adults’. Since they might not be able to articulate their symptoms, young children can be challenging to diagnose with migraines. The subjectivity of pain intensity presents another difficulty because there may be little to no comparison between children and their parents or other caregivers. For these reasons, migraines in children under the age of two are rarely diagnosed by physicians.

Lastly, it is important to remember that a headache may not occur at all or only be a minor symptom for some migraine sufferers. Why certain children suffer from migraines while others do not is a mystery to researchers. There may be a genetic component to migraine, though, as many children who suffer from the disorder have family members who also have it. It is recognized by experts that specific genetic mutations can predispose children to specific migraine types. A mutation in any of the following genes could be the cause of hemiplegic migraine, for instance, which is a form of the disease that results in momentary weakness and paralysis in children. Research into the causes of other migraine types is still ongoing. Migraine sufferers frequently discover that particular meals, circumstances, or outside elements set off migraine attacks. Finding these triggers can frequently aid in averting the episodes. Finding the triggers, though, can take some time. It’s also important to remember that a migraine episode can develop as a result of multiple triggers overlapping. Recording a child’s migraine symptoms and any potential causes can be beneficial.

In the section below on home care, we provide detailed instructions on what to write down. A child may experience an episode if they sleep too much or too little. These are common triggers to take into account. Creating and adhering to a regular sleep schedule could be beneficial. Making sure a child drinks enough water can help lessen the symptoms of migraines, especially after physical activity. Certain foods and insufficient eating can both cause symptoms. When a child exhibits symptoms, record what they’ve eaten and look for patterns. Overstimulation and stress can aggravate migraines. A child who experiences stress and anxiety on a regular basis might find it helpful to have a quiet area where they can decompress. Children’s mindfulness exercises could be beneficial as well. Changes in the weather, secondhand smoke, and bright lights, such as those on computer or phone screens may be among them.

While avoiding certain migraine triggers can help lessen the frequency of episodes, not all migraine triggers can be avoided. A doctor may prescribe an appropriate over-the-counter (OTC) medication if a child is having migraine symptoms. Examples of OTC medications include acetaminophen (Tylenol) every 4-6 hours, ibuprofen (Advil) every 6-8 hours, and naproxen (Aleve) every 8-12 hours. However, not all children can take these medications or use the recommended dosages. Before giving any over-the-counter medication to a child, have a conversation with a doctor or pharmacist. A child may also be prescribed a medication from the triptan family if they have severe or frequent migraine attacks. These are especially effective in averting migraine attacks.

Both rizatriptan (Maxalt) and sumatriptan (Imitrex) have been given FDA approval for use in pediatric patients. In addition to giving medication and assisting in preventing exposure to triggers, caregivers and children can also use other strategies to manage migraine symptoms. When a child experiences migraine symptoms, try moving them to a quiet, darkened room, applying cool or warm compresses to their head, offering them an eye mask to block out any light, massaging any tense or sore muscles, and encouraging them to sleep, if this helps. Anyone keeping a symptom diary should record the time and date that the symptoms occurred, the length and severity of the episode, and whether any treatments or strategies help.

Having a plan in place before experiencing a migraine may lessen its effects. One may create one or more migraine kits with supplies like medicine, water, hot or cold packs, an eye mask, and a symptom log. Acquire knowledge about plausible triggers and pinpoint particular ones. Assist in finding any early warning indicators of the onset of symptoms. Notify daycare facilities, schools, and other caregivers about the child’s experiences and what to do in the event of a migraine attack. It’s important to remember that giving painkillers as soon as you can might help halt the migraine episode’s progression.

Determining the severity of a child’s migraine symptoms can be challenging. Depending on how old they are, they might not comprehend or be afraid of their condition. Being comforting and composed is crucial during an episode. After that, educating the child about the ailment or having a doctor explain it to them may be beneficial. Certain fears may be allayed if one knows what a migraine is and that every episode ends eventually. The child may also benefit from taking the initiative to manage the illness, such as by maintaining or assisting with a symptom diary. Speak with a physician regarding a child’s migraine symptoms. In order to lessen the intensity and frequency of episodes, they might recommend medicine. It’s crucial that they rule out any other potential reasons for the symptoms. Certain symptoms of migraines can be mistaken for more serious medical conditions. If a child has any of the following symptoms: stiff neck, confusion, seizure, loss of consciousness, sudden, severe headache without other migraine symptoms, headache with the worst pain they have ever experienced, headache after a head injury, or any combination of these, seek emergency medical attention. Consult a doctor immediately if a child has migraine symptoms along with changes in vision, balance, or coordination, excessive vomiting, persistent pain, or a recent change in personality or behavior. Migraine is a common condition in children, and the symptoms can start early. As soon as symptoms appear, taking over-the-counter painkillers may reduce or eliminate their effects. Alternatively, a physician might recommend specific migraine drugs. If you experience any migraine symptoms, it’s critical to see a doctor. Certain symptoms can mimic those of other health problems, so a doctor needs to be certain of the cause. Apart from recommending medication, the physician can offer advice on recognizing triggers and controlling episodes.

REFERENCES:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/migraines-in-children#summary
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/headaches-in-children/symptoms-causes/syc-20352099
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557813/
https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/8-things-to-watch-for-when-your-child-has-a-headache-2017051611761

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B12 may improve tissue healing and aid in the management of ulcerative colitis.

B12 may improve tissue healing and aid in the management of ulcerative colitis.

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Tissue regeneration is the process by which the body repairs or replaces damaged tissues and organs. Since regenerative medicine is still in its infancy, scientists are investigating how to treat specific diseases with tissue regeneration. It has been discovered by researchers at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine in Spain that vitamin B12 is crucial for tissue regeneration. Researchers also discovered that in a model of ulcerative colitis, vitamin B12 supplementation sped up tissue repair. Regenerative medicine, or tissue regeneration, is the process of rebuilding the body’s damaged tissues and organs in order to replace or heal them. There are several possible causes of damage to these tissues and organs, including aging, trauma, illness, and birth defects. Regenerative medicine is still a relatively new and experimental field. Scholars are investigating the potential applications of tissue regeneration in the management of conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, bone fractures, cartilage disorders, and heart injuries. Vitamin B12 may be crucial for tissue regeneration and cellular reprogramming, according to research from the Institute for Research in Biomedicine in Spain.

The journal Nature Metabolism published the findings recently. In a model of ulcerative colitis, a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), scientists tested their theory and found that vitamin B12 supplementation would help intestinal cells that are attempting to heal themselves. Dr. Manuel Serrano, a co-lead author of this study and researcher at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine in Spain during the studys period, recently moved to Altos Labs in the United Kingdom. He says that after discovering something unexpected when examining how the microbial populations of the colon change during reprogramming, they decided to investigate the effect of vitamin B12 on cellular reprogramming and tissue regeneration. According to Dr. Serrano, the microbiota of mammals is in equilibrium with the host, as she told Medical News Today. The microbiota is impacted by changes in the hosts metabolism and vice versa. We discovered that the microbiota of mice underwent alterations during reprogramming that were suggestive of a vitamin B12 deficiency. Both microorganisms and mammals require vitamin B12. According to earlier studies, vitamin B12 helps the body heal by promoting the neurological tissues required for muscle restoration or when nerves are injured, as in the case of a traumatic brain injury. It has also been demonstrated that vitamin B12 contributes to bone health.

Furthermore, a research study released in August 2022 discovered that vitamin B12 can aid in the regeneration and repair of skin damaged by radiodermatitis, a side effect of radiation therapy used to treat cancer. The researchers discovered that vitamin B12 supplementation enhanced the effectiveness of cell reprogramming, which is thought to be an early stage of tissue repair, using both mouse and cultured cell models. Vitamin B12 helps with cellular reprogramming and tissue regeneration, as Dr. Marta Kovatcheva, a researcher at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine in Spain and co-lead author of this study, explained to . According to her, vitamin B12 is only involved in two metabolic reactions in mammals, such as mice and humans, and one of these reactions is essential for creating a chemical tag, or more precisely, a methyl donor. This chemical group is used to tag a number of the DNAs regulatory proteins as well as the DNA itself; in doing so, the DNA is reprogrammed and its activity is altered. This tagging is very dynamic and complex and, though not fully understood yet, is essential for figuring out how cells behave, including how they can regenerate or repair tissue, explained Dr. Dot Kovatcheva.

REFERENCES:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/vitamin-b12-could-boost-tissue-repair-help-treat-ulcerative-colitis
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/11/231116141008.htm
https://www.bioworld.com/articles/703088-study-links-microbiome-vitamin-b12-tissue-repair-in-ulcerative-colitis?v=preview
https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-023-00916-6

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Can prediabetes be reversed with diet and exercise

Can prediabetes be reversed with diet and exercise

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Diabetes, more especially type 2 diabetes, is emerging as one of the 21st century’s most difficult medical issues. It is also anticipated that 380 million individuals globally will receive a diabetes diagnosis by 2025. Diabetes management and treatment are increasingly important because it is a risk factor for many other diseases and chronic health conditions, including stroke, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and blindness, to name a few. However, many people are thought to be in a precursor stage known as prediabetes before they go on to develop type 2 diabetes. People with this illness have blood sugar levels that are higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes. However, a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes is prediabetes. The statistics of those who have prediabetes provide a clear picture when it comes to scaling this issue: more than one in three persons in the U.S. S. along with the U. K. have been identified as prediabetic. Therefore, if prediabetes is considered an early warning sign of type 2 diabetes, people can take  steps to reverse the course of this condition and it is possible to reverse this condition with significant lifestyle changes.

On our May podcast, “In Conversation: Can diet and exercise help reverse prediabetes?” Dr. Thomas Barber, an associate clinical professor at Warwick Medical School and consultant endocrinologist at University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, joined Dr. Hilary Guite and me. Additionally, Healthline Media and Medical News Today Managing Editor Angela Chao shared her personal story of reversing her diagnosis of prediabetes and the lifestyle changes she made to maintain it. In Angela’s instance, few medical professionals would have thought that her blood sugar levels were concerning. She is not thin, young, and energetic like most people with prediabetes or those at risk of getting diabetes. She did, however, admit that at the time she led a fairly sedentary lifestyle. She said that because my readings were so low on the spectrum, I don’t even think my primary care physician at the time talked to me about it beyond providing the range and the diagnosis. She did, however, add that some doctors and her medical friends seemed concerned about the changes to the cutoff point for readings that qualified as prediabetes.

According to Dr. Barber, the diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes was previously made using fasting glucose readings or a conventional glucose tolerance test. In this test, participants were given 75 grams of a sugar-filled beverage, and their blood sugar levels were monitored for the following two hours. Additionally, the definition of prediabetes is constantly changing and may vary from nation to nation. Definitions vary amongst societies and prestigious organizations. According to Dr. Barber, the first thing to really keep in mind is that there is a continuum involved when discussing diabetes or prediabetes. Should we choose the U. S. along with the U. K. For instance, there are variations in the thresholds and units of measurement applied when diagnosing prediabetes. As you point out, there are various units, which makes it a little confusing. However, in essence, in the U. K. for glucose, we use millimoles per liter, and in the U.S. S. milligrams per deciliter, to be exact. We typically use millimoles per mole in clinical settings now, and we have for a while, according to Dr. Barber. He went on, “I think that further complicating matters is the hemoglobin A1C, which has two different percentage units, one that we have historically used and the other that is now replaced by millimoles per mole.

According to Dr. Barber, glucose is a continuous variable rather than a discrete measure. He clarified that while everyone can agree on what is elevated and what is normal, there are kind of disagreements about everything in between. The World Health Organization approved hemoglobin A1C as a test for diabetes a few years ago. While additional glucose readings can be useful, Dr. Barber stated that medical professionals do primarily rely on A1C in current clinical practice. With regard to prediabetes in the U.S. K. this is predicated on an A1C of 39 to 47 mmol per mol; according to him, 39 is equal to an A1C of 5 points 7 percent. Anything that raises the hemoglobin A1C level above 48 millimoles per mole, or 6.5% of the baseline, is considered diabetes by definition. According to him, in order to diagnose type 2 diabetes, we should ideally have at least two of those readings that are elevated. When Angela was diagnosed, her A1C was 5 points8 percent, and anything above 5 points7 was considered prediabetes. Dr. Barber reminded us that, in the United States, Angela’s readings would not have been regarded as prediabetes and that, in recent years, the diagnostic criteria for diabetes have gradually decreased. K. at the time, since the values were extremely near to normal and not quite below the cut-off.

Usually, prediabetes shows no symptoms at all. On the other hand, some people may occasionally have frequent thirst, wake up in the middle of the night to urinate, experience blood sugar spikes, or have energy crashes. Prediabetes is frequently asymptomatic, so many people who are diagnosed with it may have had it for months or even years. Furthermore, it can easily go unreported unless people are tested for it, according to Dr. Barber. In describing her personal experience, Angela said, “I definitely didn’t have a wide range of symptoms.”. On the other hand, I was definitely already drinking water on a regular basis. I therefore found it difficult to determine whether anything was changing. Low blood sugar, particularly if she went for prolonged periods without eating, was something she did notice prior to the diagnosis. Over the years, she said, there has been a consistent pattern of significant fluctuations in her blood sugar levels, which she could feel physically. She can, however, fast trouble-free for more than 16 hours now because of certain lifestyle adjustments. Sugar surges and falls may be considered preemptive indicators of diabetes.

According to Dr. Dot Barber, prediabetes is a general term that can refer to either elevated fasting glucose or elevated postprandial glucose. Dr. Dot Barber stated that fluctuations in blood sugar levels, or glycemia, were often observed in the context of insulin resistance. Glucose levels tend to rise a little higher than they should, he explained, because the beta cells can’t produce enough insulin, for example, or the insulin isn’t as effective after a meal. He explained that without careful monitoring of blood sugar levels throughout the day, people might not physically notice these changes. “I guess the difference really is that most of the time, in the context of prediabetes, we’re not aware of this,” he said. It makes perfect sense that as you lead a healthier lifestyle, lose weight, and reverse prediabetes, your blood sugar levels will stabilize. He mentioned Angela’s description of the changes she saw and said that the insulin becomes more effective and can handle the fluctuations in glycemia better.

Obesity, having a high body mass index, and being overweight are some of the most well-known risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Additionally, as we age, our vulnerability increases. And the reason for that is that as we age, the beta cells and insulin’s receptors can no longer function as well, and insulin itself becomes slightly less effective. Accordingly, as we age, our chance of having prediabetes and diabetes rises, according to Dr. Barber. Dr. Barber added that eating a diet heavy in high-glycemic foods and sugary drinks, as well as stress, can all raise risk. Conversely, he asserted that a diet low in simple carbohydrates and high in fiber can delay the onset of dysglycemia. Genetics and ethnic origin are other factors to consider. Dr. Dot Barber presented the results of a recent study she and her colleagues carried out in the U. K. which revealed that, at a BMI of 23.9%, individuals of South Asian ethnicity had the same risk of developing diabetes as did white people at 30.

In contrast, Angela’s risk was increased by her family history. My mother, a retired medical doctor, had warned me since I was a teenager about the slight family history of type 2 diabetes on my father’s side. She also mentioned that everyone on that side of the family was thin and had no weight problems. Dr. According to Barber, diabetes is frequently attributed to lifestyle decisions, but many people are unaware that it is a hereditary disorder. According to him, patients with a strong family history may not always exhibit the characteristics of type 2 diabetes, such as being middle-aged, male, obese, and having a large abdomen. That’s the idea that most people with type 2 diabetes have of the typical person. And, he added, as you say, Angela doesn’t conform to any of those stereotypes of what that entails. Dr. Barber also emphasized that having a genetic predisposition to diabetes at birth can result in dysglycemia even in the absence of those other factors. More than 40 genes and gene mutations have been found to increase your risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Additionally, he stated that even though each effect is relatively weak on its own, adding them all together can have a cumulative effect. Through a combination of intermittent fasting, a balanced diet with an increased amount of lower-glycemic index foods and complex carbohydrates, and a sig, Angela was able to reverse her diabetes.

She advised against strict dieting, keto, and quick, drastic changes that aren’t long-term. Dr. Barber acknowledged that while this approach obviously worked for Angela, not many people would be able to make such drastic life changes and may find it challenging. According to Dr. Barber, there is evidence to suggest that intensive lifestyle treatments that prioritize diet, physical activity, weight loss, and other related factors can effectively prevent or postpone the onset of type 2 diabetes. In my opinion, it serves as a kind of early warning system that indicates when a person needs to make a lifestyle change. He added that it must be beneficial if it inspires or motivates people to alter their way of life.

REFERENCES:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/in-conversation-can-diet-and-exercise-reverse-prediabetes?utm_source=ReadNext
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/prediabetes-diet
https://www.healthline.com/health/diabetes/how-to-reverse-prediabetes-naturally
https://www.healthcentral.com/condition/type-2-diabetes/how-can-you-reverse-prediabetes
https://www.breathewellbeing.in/blog/reverse-your-prediabetes-with-the-best-diet-and-exercise/

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Plant-based diets can reduce the risk of diabetes and heart disease in place of meat.

Plant-based diets can reduce the risk of diabetes and heart disease in place of meat.

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German researchers discovered that replacing meat with plant-based alternatives may significantly lower the risks of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality after analyzing more than 30 studies. Research indicates that substituting 50 grams (1.88 ounces) of processed meat with plant-based foods on a daily basis reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease by 25%. Processed meat substitution was linked to a 21% decreased risk of death from all causes. Red and processed meats, as well as other animal products, are staples of the Western diet. Scientists are concerned that this eating pattern depletes natural resources, causes adverse climate change, and fuels a host of noncommunicable illnesses. The argument for promoting plant-based dietary alternatives is becoming stronger in light of the negative effects the Western diet has on the environment and human health. Plant-based diets may help reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and overall mortality, according to some studies. However, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the full cardiometabolic implications of replacing meat with plants have not yet been examined in research. Researchers from German institutions worked together to address this shortfall in a paper that examined the subject. The article containing their meta-analysis and systematic review was released in BMC Medicine.

Our results suggest that a move away from animal-based eg dairy, eggs, butter, poultry, and red and processed meat) to plant-based eg foods high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and olive oil) are positively correlated with both all-cause mortality and cardiometabolic health, according to the authors. The research team used Web of Science, Embase, and MEDLINE to conduct a thorough literature search. Studies that employed substitution analyses to replace animal-based food with plant-based food were among them. Health outcomes like cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality were also covered in the studies that were consulted. Additionally, the studies were prospective observational studies carried out among a general population of healthy individuals. Using the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions tool, each study was subjected to an evaluation of potential bias. With the use of the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations protocol, the team assessed the degree of evidence for each association. For the purpose of their final analyses, the research team reduced the number of studies they found from 1,216 to 32. A manual search produced five more studies, bringing the total number of meta-analyses to 37.

“It is the first systematic review and meta-analysis that summarized the associations between the substitution of plant-based foods with animal-based foods with a wide range of cardiometabolic outcomes, such as mortality from cardiovascular disease; incidence of cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and type 2 diabetes; mortality from diabetes; and mortality from all causes,” state the authors of this work. The researchers found a “moderate certainty of evidence” linking a daily replacement of one egg with nuts to a decreased mortality rate from cardiovascular disease. Similar outcomes were obtained when olive oil was substituted for butter. Every day, replacing 50 grams (g) of processed meat with 28 grams of nuts was linked to a decreased incidence of coronary heart disease. Nuts or legumes were not a suitable substitute for chicken or seafood. The evidence supporting the hypothesis that substituting nuts or legumes for red meat lowers the risk of coronary heart disease was only weakly conclusive. The researchers also discovered an inverse relationship between the frequency of type 2 diabetes and replacing butter with olive oil, red meat with nuts, or one egg a day with nuts. Lastly, the researchers observed a moderate certainty of evidence for a decreased risk of death from all causes when substituting whole grains or nuts for red meat. This risk was also decreased by substituting nuts or legumes for processed meat or nuts for unprocessed red meat.

Each day, replacing dairy or one egg with nuts, legumes, butter, or olive oil was linked to a decreased risk of death from all causes. These results are consistent with a previous review that found consuming more plant-based foods instead of red meat reduced the risk of coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality. This study backs up other research linking increased meat intake to all-cause mortality, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke. This study represents the first of its kind meta-analysis. To gather dietary data, validated food frequency questionnaires were employed. Among the cohorts, the average follow-up period was 19 years. With a few exceptions based on gender, both males and females were included in the majority of the studies. Registered dietitian and nutritionist Eva De Angelis spoke with Medical News Today about this study. She did not participate in the study. “Quite a fascinating systematic review that further highlights the vital role that plant foods can have on our overall health, and how too many animal foods can have the opposite effect,” was how De Angelis described the investigation. The study’s use of numerous, varied prospective studies, which “provide a higher quality of evidence,” impressed her. The research team did, however, note a number of limitations with their investigation and emphasized that their “findings should be interpreted with caution.”.

Several of the examined studies made use of hypothetical food substitutions. Additionally, studies’ portion sizes varied, leading to unfair comparisons of dietary alternatives. Relative confounding and measurement errors were possible when using only prospective observational studies. Furthermore, subgroup analyses were not possible due to the small number of studies included in the final analysis. Dairy products, for example, were evaluated as a single group. The writers pointed out that a vast variety of distinct products (e.g. g. cheese, yogurt, and milk) that have varying correlations with cardiometabolic outcomes. De Angelis remarked, “Among the weaknesses, I would mention that many of the analyzed studies were observational, so the information only allows us to make associations, not causality. This implies that we cannot be certain what other factors may have contributed to the results. The review’s authors believed that additional studies were necessary to bolster the available data. They expressed hope that future research would highlight plant-based alternatives to meat and dairy while also examining new connections. Sara Chatfield, a registered dietitian and nutritionist, and  also spoke about this study. She did not participate in the study. Chatfield noted that because animal production uses so many resources and occupies so much land, switching to a more plant-based diet can have a positive impact on the environment.

Actually, the two nutritionists that spoke with concurred that increasing the amount of whole plant foods consumed can only benefit the planet and all of its inhabitants. According to studies cited by Chatfield, adopting a plant-based diet could cut land use related to diet by 76% and greenhouse gas emissions by 49%. The nutritionists issued a warning, though, saying that depending on a person’s health, preferences, and food accessibility, a completely plant-based diet might not be the best choice for them. However, De Angelis stressed that trying to increase the amount of plant-based foods in your diet can be a quick and easy step toward better health.

REFERENCES:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/swapping-meat-for-plant-based-foods-may-lower-diabetes-and-heart-disease-risk
https://dentistry.co.uk/2023/11/24/plant-based-diets-may-cut-diabetes-and-heart-disease-risk-study-shows/
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20231120/Switching-from-animal-based-to-plant-based-foods-reduces-risk-of-heart-disease-diabetes-and-mortality.aspx
https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/swapping-red-meat-for-healthy-proteins-may-help-your-heart/

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