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Struggling in Silence? The Truth About Erectile Dysfunction Revealed

Struggling in Silence? The Truth About Erectile Dysfunction Revealed

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Erectile dysfunction is common. However, many people do not talk about it. It affects millions of men around the world. Even so, many men feel shy or embarrassed. As a result, they avoid getting help.

In simple words, Erectile Dysfunction means trouble getting or keeping an erection. At times, this can happen to anyone. However, if it happens often, then it may be a sign of a health problem.

What Is Erectile Dysfunction?

Erectile dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction is the inability to get or keep an erection firm enough for sex. In other words, it means the erection is not strong or does not last long enough. At times, men may face occasional difficulty. However, this is normal. But if the problem happens often, then it may be a sign of Erectile Dysfunction.

This condition can affect men of all ages. Even so, it becomes more common with age. However, it is important to note that Erectile Dysfunction is not a natural or unavoidable part of aging. Therefore, men should not ignore it. In fact, many cases can be treated effectively. With the right care and support, improvement is possible.

Common Causes of Erectile Dysfunction

Erectile Dysfunction can have more than one cause. In most cases, it is linked to both body and mind. Therefore, it is important to understand all possible reasons.

Physical Causes

First, physical health plays a big role. Poor blood flow can make erections hard to achieve. For example, these conditions may increase risk:

  • High blood pressure
  • Diabetes
  • Obesity
  • Hormone imbalance

In addition, heart problems can reduce blood flow. As a result, erections may become weak or slow.

Psychological Causes

On the other hand, mental health is also important. Stress and anxiety can affect performance. For example:

  • Stress
  • Depression
  • Relationship problems
  • Performance fear

Even if the body is healthy, the mind can block arousal. Therefore, mental well-being matters a lot.

Warning Signs You Should Not Ignore

Erectile Dysfunction can start slowly. However, it can also appear suddenly. So, it is important to notice early signs.

Common signs include:

  • Trouble getting an erection
  • Trouble keeping an erection
  • Low sexual desire
  • Fear or stress during sex

At first, these signs may seem small. However, they can get worse over time. As a result, they may affect confidence and relationships.

Erectile Dysfunction and Overall Health

Erectile Dysfunction is not just a sexual issue. In fact, it can be a sign of other health problems.

This happens because blood vessels in the penis are small. Therefore, they show damage earlier. As a result, ED may appear before other symptoms.

For example, Erectile Dysfunction may be linked to:

  • Heart problems
  • High cholesterol
  • Diabetes
  • Hormone issues

Because of this, early action is very important.

Treatment Options That Work

The good news is that Erectile Dysfunction can be treated. However, treatment depends on the cause.

1. Lifestyle Changes

First, simple habits can help a lot:

  • Exercise daily
  • Eat healthy food
  • Stop smoking
  • Limit alcohol

In many cases, these steps improve overall health. As a result, Erectile Dysfunction may also improve.

2. Medicines

Doctors may give medicines to improve blood flow. These can help in many cases. However, always take them with medical advice.

3. Therapy

If the cause is mental, therapy can help. It can reduce stress and improve confidence.

4. Medical Care

In some cases, doctors may suggest other treatments. These include devices or hormone therapy.

Natural Ways to Improve ED

In addition to treatment, natural steps can help.

For example:

  • Eat healthy foods
  • Keep a healthy weight
  • Sleep well
  • Reduce stress

Simple habits can make a big difference. However, consistency is key.

Effective Treatment Options for ED

The good news is that erectile dysfunction is treatable in most cases. However, the right treatment depends on the cause. Therefore, it is important to identify the underlying problem first.

1. Lifestyle Changes for ED

To begin with, simple lifestyle changes can make a big difference. For example:

  • Regular exercise
  • A healthy diet
  • Quitting smoking
  • Limiting alcohol intake

In many cases, these steps can improve overall health. As a result, they may also improve erectile function.

2. Medications for ED

In addition, medications are commonly used. For instance, Sildenafil (often known as Viagra) helps increase blood flow to the penis. Because of this, it can help achieve and maintain an erection. However, these medicines should only be taken under medical guidance. This ensures safety and proper use.

3. Therapy and Counseling

On the other hand, if the cause is psychological, therapy can be helpful. For example, it can address stress, anxiety, and relationship issues. Moreover, counseling can improve confidence. As a result, it may enhance sexual performance over time.

4. Medical Treatments

In some cases, more advanced treatments may be needed. For instance, doctors may suggest hormone therapy, vacuum devices, or surgery. Therefore, consulting a healthcare professional is essential. They can recommend the best option based on individual needs.

Natural Ways to Improve ED

In addition to treatment, natural steps can help.

For example:

  • Eat healthy foods
  • Keep a healthy weight
  • Sleep well
  • Reduce stress

Simple habits can make a big difference. However, consistency is key.

When to See a Doctor

Do not ignore the problem. You should see a doctor if:

  • ED lasts for weeks or months
  • It affects your confidence
  • You have other health issues

Early care can help a lot. In fact, it can prevent serious problems.

Breaking the Stigma

Many men feel shy to talk about ED. However, this should change. ED is a medical condition. It is not a personal failure. Talking to your partner can help. Also, speaking to a doctor can lead to the right treatment. As a result, recovery becomes easier.

Final Thoughts

Erectile dysfunction is common. However, it should not be ignored. In many cases, it is a sign of other health issues. The good news is that help is available. With simple steps, treatment, and support, most men can improve. Start with small changes today. Talk to a doctor if needed. Over time, you can regain confidence and improve your life.

In many cases, early steps can lead to better results. For instance, regular check-ups can help find hidden problems. At the same time, small daily changes can support long-term health. For example, eating fresh foods and staying active can improve blood flow. As a result, the body works better.

References:

  1. World Health Organization. (2022). Men’s health and noncommunicable diseases.
  2. Mayo Clinic. Erectile Dysfunction: Symptoms and Causes.
  3. National Institutes of Health. Erectile Dysfunction Overview.
  4. American Urological Association. Clinical Guidelines on ED.
  5. Cleveland Clinic. Erectile Dysfunction: Diagnosis and Treatment.

Medications that have been suggested by doctors worldwide are available on the link below
https://mygenericpharmacy.com/category/mens-health

How to Overcome Premature Ejaculation: A Complete Treatment Guide

How to Overcome Premature Ejaculation: A Complete Treatment Guide

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Introduction: A Common but Treatable Concern

Premature ejaculation (PE) is one of the most common male sexual health concerns, affecting approximately 30-40% of men at some point in their lives. Despite its prevalence, it remains underdiscussed and undertreated due to embarrassment and misconceptions. The good news? PE is highly treatable with a combination of behavioral techniques, psychological support, and medical interventions [1].

Defining Premature Ejaculation

The International Society for Sexual Medicine defines PE as:

  • Ejaculation that always or nearly always occurs within approximately one minute of vaginal penetration (lifelong PE) or a clinically significant reduction in latency time (acquired PE)
  • Inability to delay ejaculation on all or nearly all vaginal penetrations
  • Negative personal consequences, such as distress, bother, frustration, and/or avoidance of sexual intimacy [2]

It’s important to distinguish between lifelong PE (present since first sexual experiences) and acquired PE (developing after previous normal function). Acquired PE often has identifiable causes such as erectile dysfunction, prostate conditions, thyroid disorders, or psychological factors [3].

The Biopsychosocial Model: Understanding Causes

PE rarely has a single cause. The biopsychosocial model recognizes multiple contributing factors:

Biological Factors

  • Serotonin imbalance: Serotonin plays a key role in ejaculatory control; low levels are associated with faster ejaculation
  • Thyroid disorders: Hyperthyroidism can accelerate ejaculation
  • Prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain
  • Erectile dysfunction: Men may rush to ejaculate before losing their erection
  • Genetic predisposition

Psychological Factors

  • Performance anxiety
  • Depression or stress
  • Negative sexual experiences
  • Unrealistic expectations about “normal” duration

Social/Relationship Factors

  • Relationship conflict
  • Partner pressure or expectations
  • Limited sexual experience
  • Cultural or religious guilt about sex

Behavioral Techniques: First-Line Interventions

Start-Stop Technique

Developed by Masters and Johnson, this technique involves stimulating the penis until the point of impending ejaculation, then stopping all stimulation until the urge subsides. Repeat this cycle 3-4 times before allowing ejaculation on the final cycle [4].

Squeeze Technique

Similar to start-stop, but when the urge to ejaculate is near, squeeze the head of the penis firmly for several seconds until the urge passes. This physically inhibits the ejaculatory reflex.

Pelvic Floor Exercises

Strengthening the bulbocavernosus muscle (the muscle you use to stop urine flow) can improve ejaculatory control. Perform 3 sets of 10 contractions daily.

Medical Treatments: When Behavioral Approaches Aren’t Enough

Topical Anesthetics

Lidocaine or prilocaine creams, gels, or sprays are applied 10-15 minutes before intercourse to reduce penile sensation. They are highly effective but may reduce pleasure for both partners and can cause temporary numbness. Condom use prevents transfer to partner [5].

Oral Medications

  • Dapoxetine: A short-acting SSRI specifically developed for PE, taken 1-3 hours before intercourse
  • Off-label SSRIs: Paroxetine, sertraline, and fluoxetine taken daily can delay ejaculation significantly.
  • Tramadol: An opioid analgesic with PE-delaying properties (used cautiously due to addiction potential)
  • PDE5 inhibitors: For men with coexisting erectile dysfunction, sildenafil or tadalafil may help by improving confidence and erection quality

Psychological and Couples Therapy

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) addresses performance anxiety, unrealistic expectations, and negative thought patterns. Involving partners in therapy is particularly effective, as it reduces pressure and improves communication about sexual needs [6].

Lifestyle Modifications

  • Regular exercise: Improves cardiovascular health, reduces stress, and may improve ejaculatory control
  • Stress management: Meditation, mindfulness, and adequate sleep
  • Moderate alcohol: While alcohol delays ejaculation temporarily, chronic use worsens function
  • Masturbation before intercourse: Some men benefit from ejaculating 1-2 hours before anticipated sex

When to See a Doctor

Consult a healthcare provider if:

  • PE causes significant distress or relationship problems
  • You have coexisting erectile dysfunction
  • Symptoms began suddenly after a previous normal function
  • Self-help techniques haven’t worked after several months

Conclusion: Hope and Help

Premature ejaculation is a treatable condition, not a character flaw or permanent limitation. With the right combination of behavioral techniques, medical support, and psychological care, most men can achieve satisfying sexual relationships. The first step is often the hardest—having an honest conversation with a healthcare provider who can provide judgment-free guidance and evidence-based solutions.

References:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premature-ejaculation/symptoms-causes/syc-20354900
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6732885/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S107772292030105X

Medications that have been suggested by doctors worldwide are available on the link below
https://mygenericpharmacy.com/category/products/mens-health/priligy

Disclaimer: This article provides educational information only. Consult a healthcare provider for personalized medical advice.

What is BlueChew?

What is BlueChew?

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BlueChew is a subscription-based service that delivers FDA-approved prescription erectile dysfunction (ED) medications and premature ejaculation (PE) medications in chewable tablet form.

The key differentiators from traditional ED pills are:

  • Chewable Format: Instead of a pill you swallow, it’s a tablet you chew and swallow.
  • Telemedicine Model: You complete an online consultation, and if approved, a licensed healthcare provider in your state prescribes the medication.
  • Subscription Service: Medications are delivered directly to your door on a recurring schedule.
  • Lower Cost: They often market themselves as a more affordable alternative to brand-name drugs.

How Does BlueChew Work?

The process is entirely online:

  1. Online Consultation: You fill out a detailed medical questionnaire about your health history, current medications, and the issues you’re facing.
  2. Healthcare Provider Review: A licensed healthcare professional reviews your application. They will determine if BlueChew is safe and appropriate for you.
  3. Prescription & Delivery: If approved, your prescription is filled, and the chewable tablets are shipped to you.
  4. Ongoing Care: You can message your provider with questions or concerns through the BlueChew platform.

The Medications BlueChew Offers

BlueChew offers two main types of medications:

1. For Erectile Dysfunction (ED)

These are the same active ingredients as popular ED pills, but in chewable form. They work by increasing blood flow to the penis.

  • Sildenafil (the active ingredient in Viagra):
    • BlueChew Dosages: 30mg or 45mg.
    • How it works: Takes effect in about 30-60 minutes and lasts for 4-6 hours.
  • Tadalafil (the active ingredient in Cialis):
    • BlueChew Dosages: 6mg or 9mg.
    • How it works: Takes effect in about 30-60 minutes and can last up to 36 hours. This is often called “The Weekend Pill” because of its long duration.

2. For Premature Ejaculation (PE)

  • Medication: A compound cream containing Sildenafil (the active ingredient in Viagra) and a numbing agent.
    • How it works: The numbing agent (a topical anesthetic) helps reduce sensitivity to delay ejaculation. The Sildenafil component is included to help with achieving and maintaining an erection, which can also help with confidence and control.

Pros and Cons of BlueChew

Pros:

  • Convenience: The entire process is online, discreet, and delivered to your home.
  • Discreet: The packaging is plain, and the chewable tablets don’t look like traditional prescription bottles.
  • Accessibility: Makes it easier for men who are embarrassed to talk to a doctor in person about ED or PE.
  • Taste: Many users report the tablets taste better than swallowing a pill, with flavors like mint or fruit.
  • Potential Cost Savings: Often cheaper than paying for brand-name drugs without insurance.

Cons and Important Considerations:

  • Not for Everyone: It’s a real prescription medication with real risks. It is not safe for men taking nitrates (for chest pain) or certain other medications.
  • Side Effects: Common side effects can include headache, flushing, indigestion, nasal congestion, back pain (more common with Tadalafil), and dizziness. The numbing cream for PE can cause temporary loss of sensation for your partner if not used correctly.
  • No In-Person Exam: While convenient, some argue that an online questionnaire cannot fully replace a comprehensive physical exam and a detailed conversation with a personal doctor.
  • Subscription Model: It’s easy to forget you’re signed up for recurring charges. You must remember to manage or cancel your subscription.
  • Insurance: BlueChew does not work with insurance companies. You pay out-of-pocket.

Key Things to Know Before Considering BlueChew

  1. It’s a Real Prescription: Don’t be fooled by the marketing; these are potent drugs. You must be honest on your health questionnaire.
  2. Consult Your Doctor First: The safest approach is to talk to your primary care physician or a urologist. They know your full medical history and can determine the best course of action.
  3. Understand the Risks: Be aware of the potential side effects and the serious danger of interacting with other medications, especially nitrates.
  4. It’s a Treatment, Not a Cure: These medications treat the symptoms of ED and PE; they do not cure the underlying cause. Addressing lifestyle factors (diet, exercise, stress, sleep) is often a crucial part of managing these conditions.
  5. Legitimacy: BlueChew is a legitimate telemedicine company that uses licensed U.S. physicians and pharmacies. It is not a scam, but it is a business model designed for convenience.

Final Verdict

BlueChew can be a convenient and effective solution for many men who have been properly screened and for whom these medications are deemed safe.

However, it is not a substitute for a comprehensive medical evaluation, especially if you have underlying health conditions like heart disease, high blood pressure, or if you are experiencing ED for the first time, which can be a sign of a more serious health issue.

The bottom line: If you’re considering BlueChew, the most responsible first step is to have an open conversation with your doctor. If you proceed with BlueChew, be scrupulously honest on your health form and follow the dosage instructions carefully.

Reference:
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/bluechew
https://www.healthline.com/health/all-about-bluechew
https://bluechew.com/
https://www.innerbody.com/bluechew-before-and-after-pictures

Medications that have been suggested by doctors worldwide are available on the link below
https://mygenericpharmacy.com/category/products/mens-health

WHO recommends a twice-a-year injection for HIV prevention

WHO recommends a twice-a-year injection for HIV prevention

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The World Health Organization (WHO) has pre-qualified lenacapavir (Sunlenca), a long-acting HIV prevention injection, marking a significant step toward its global rollout.

Key Points:

  • Twice-Yearly Dosing: Lenacapavir is administered as a subcutaneous injection every six months, making it a highly convenient option for HIV prevention (PrEP).
  • For High-Risk Groups: It is particularly recommended for key populations at high risk of HIV, including men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender individuals, and sex workers.
  • Alternative to Daily Pills: Unlike daily oral PrEP (e.g., Truvada or Descovy), lenacapavir offers long-lasting protection with fewer adherence challenges.
  • Effectiveness: Clinical trials have shown it to be highly effective in reducing HIV transmission when administered as scheduled.

WHO’s Role:

  • The WHO prequalification (June 2024) helps accelerate access in low- and middle-income countries by allowing procurement by UN agencies and governments.
  • It is part of WHO’s strategy to expand HIV prevention options beyond oral PrEP and the monthly cabotegravir (CAB-LA) injection.

Next Steps:

  • Regulatory approvals in individual countries are still needed.
  • Cost and accessibility will be critical factors in widespread adoption.

Lenacapavir represents a major breakthrough in HIV prevention, offering a discreet, long-acting alternative to daily pills.

Reference:

https://www.who.int/news/item/19-06-2025-fda-approval-of-injectable-lenacapavir-marks-progress-for-hiv-prevention

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/who-recommends-a-twice-a-year-injection-for-hiv-prevention/articleshow/122485320.cms

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/who-recommends-lenacapavir-twice-yearly-injection-help-prevent-hiv

Medications that have been suggested by doctors worldwide are available on below link

https://mygenericpharmacy.com/category/hiv

Sexual Dysfunction History

Sexual Dysfunction History

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Older ideas about the harmful effects of sin, guilt, bad habits, or evil spells on sexual function in both men and women have been replaced by the medicalization of sexuality, but these viewpoints are still prevalent today. In reality, many different theories are used to explain sexual dysfunction and dissatisfaction, and biological reasoning is just one of them.

Sexual dysfunction in men
Maintaining a level of male sexual function that is acceptable is crucial in today’s societies. Even though ejaculation disorders and low libido are included in the category of sexual dysfunction in men, erectile dysfunction which is the inability to maintain an erection was the most common issue from antiquity until the present.

Penetration was a sign of manhood and a requirement for a positive reputation in the Greek and Roman conceptions of sexuality. As a result, medical professionals who were impacted offered recipes for healing substances, and pornographic writers created humorous tales about men who didn’t pass the important test. To combat, treat, and explain male sexual dysfunction, philosophers of the 18th century accepted the idea that men and women have different sexual spheres. However, even though this significant issue could not be disregarded, the nineteenth-century culture that insisted on privacy found discussion of such topics repugnant.

During that time, the writers of middle-class marriage guides popularized the idea of the “spermatic economy,” which holds that excesses cause a loss of masculine strength and endurance, which can eventually lead to impotence. Additionally emphasized were the risks of spermatorrhea, prostitution, masturbation, and STDs. Early in the 20th century, theories of male sexual dysfunction shifted from moral to psychological. Impotence was recognized as a problem for both men and women following World War II, and the development of the field of endocrinology in the 1920s validated the scientific study of the male reproductive system.

Numerous historians assert that sex therapy, psychoanalysis, and even surgery have been totally overtaken by Viagra (sildenafil). The Food and Drug Administration authorized the first oral treatment for erectile dysfunction in 1998. It was created at Pfizer Laboratories essentially by accident. Whether the ensuing impotence medications actually transformed sexuality is still up for debate.

Sexual dysfunction in women
The recognition of this kind of issue dates back further, even though the term “female sexual dysfunction” was only recently introduced to the medical literature. The diagnosis of nymphomania was not unusual even in the 16th century, and the Victorian era saw a notable rise in the proportion of women suffering from this illness. New theories of sexual dysfunction emerged as a result of the psychiatric and sexological fields overlapping development at the end of the 19th century. Certain sexual dysfunctions, like the inability to achieve vaginal orgasm, were considered the basis of “frigidity” based on Freud’s statements (most notably in the works of Hitschmann and Bergler).

Early in the 20th century, there was a surge in marriage counseling literature in the US and the UK that highlighted the importance of sexual pleasure in marriage. Given the significant emotional, physical, and spiritual differences between men and women, sexual dysfunction in women was viewed as a technical problem that was a component of a larger social phenomenon that needed to be addressed through education. In 1952, issues like coldness were categorized under “Psychophysiological autonomic and visceral disorders” in the first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Although dyspareunia was added to the list, the second edition, which was released in 1968, was comparable.

Only the third edition of the DSM, published in 1980, saw significant changes, moving from psychoanalytic to biological psychiatry. An umbrella chapter on psychosexual disorders has been added in place of distinct categories for sexual deviations and psychophysiological genitourinary disorders. Historically, female sexual dysfunction has generally been regarded as a descriptive or general term rather than a diagnostic one. Even though it was made up of several diagnostic categories, treatment was still sought as though it were a true monocausal condition. Medical literature from the 20th and 21st centuries has addressed sexuality’s social dimensions and its potential to treat sexual dysfunction in great detail.

References:

https://mygenericpharmacy.com/category/mens-health

A study reveals that bacterial vaginosis is transmitted sexually.

A study reveals that bacterial vaginosis is transmitted sexually.

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After a groundbreaking study in The New England Journal of Medicine revealed that bacterial vaginosis (BV), which affects almost one-third of women globally, can be spread through sexual contact, important questions still need to be answered. In addition to calling for more research on the condition that can lead to infertility, premature births, and newborn deaths, the study findings may change the focus of treatment from women-only information about bacterial vaginosis (BV) to both men and women. results of the investigation. The study.

Vodstrcil’s team discovered that treating bacterial vaginosis (BV) as an STI and treating both sexual partners at the same time resulted in noticeably higher cure rates than the current practice of treating only women in a trial of 164 couples in which each woman had BV and was in a monogamous relationship with a male partner.

According to a press release from coauthor Catriona S. Bradshaw, PhD, who is also affiliated with the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre at Monash University, this effective intervention is brief, reasonably priced, and has the potential to improve bacterial vaginosis (BV) treatment for women for the first time. It also creates exciting new opportunities for BV prevention.

The male partners in the partner-treatment group received oral and topical antimicrobial treatment (400 mg metronidazole tablets and 2 percent clindamycin cream applied to penile skin, twice daily for 7 days) while the women in the randomized, open-label, controlled trial received first-line recommended antimicrobial agents. In the control group, male partners were not treated while women received first-line care. Recurrence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) within 12 weeks was the main result. The researchers pointed out that historically, after taking oral antibiotics for a week, over half of women with bacterial vaginosis (BV) have a recurrence within three months.

35 percent of women in the partner-treatment group and 63 percent of women in the control group experienced a recurrence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in the modified intention-to-treat population. This represents an absolute risk difference of −2.6 recurrences per person-year (95 percent CI, −4.0 to −1.2; P < .001). According to the authors, the trial was terminated early because the woman’s treatment alone was subpar compared to that of both her and her male partner. Other Factors May Affect the Development of Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Nevertheless, some experts highlight unresolved issues that demand more investigation.

While he believes that bacterial vaginosis (BV) can definitely be spread through sexual contact, Mykhaylo Usyk, PhD, MPH, MSci, a research assistant professor in the Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx, New York, stated that further research is necessary to determine which specific types of BV are transmissible, particularly since the trial was not finished for ethical reasons. Recurrence was not prevented for every individual who received the intervention, and the sample size was small.

According to Usyk, who published a study on the impact of bacterial vaginosis (BV) on chlamydia infection recurrence, I’m not sure if I would classify BV as an STI in and of itself. Similar to a fever, bacterial vaginosis (BV) is also an indicator. It is a sign of another illness. He stated that it is evident that men are serving as a reservoir. The men have some underlying infections that will cause bacterial vaginosis (BV) to recur unless they are treated. Usyk stated that he would like to see more research on which subtype of bacterial vaginosis (BV) is transmissible before routinely prescribing antibiotics to men and women to treat and prevent BV. Douching and smoking may be factors.

Other contributing factors, like smoking or intravaginal practices like douching and using lubricants, may also disrupt the vaginal microbiome and contribute to the development of bacterial vaginosis (BV), according to Rebecca Brotman, PhD, MPH, who studies the human vaginal microbiome and bacterial vaginosis (BV) at the Center for Advanced Microbiome Research and Innovation at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore. She agreed that the trial’s findings will change how doctors treat and care for bacterial vaginosis (BV) and said it offers strong evidence in favor of the long-held theory that BV-associated bacteria can be sexually transmitted. She pointed out that there was little proof that men could spread bacterial vaginosis (BV) before the trial was published.

She did, however, note that although the trial is a major step forward in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV), more research is required to confirm the results in other populations. For instance, a third of the women in the trial were using intrauterine devices, and 80% of the men were not circumcised. These factors can both have an impact on the presence of bacteria linked to bacterial vaginosis (BV). She cites numerous studies that support the idea that bacterial vaginosis (BV) can be sexually transmitted, including the high concordance in lesbian couples, the frequent co-occurrence of BV with STIs, the higher prevalence among women who have multiple or new sexual partners, and the higher incidence among women whose male partners have multiple recent partners.

According to her, studies show that women who regularly use condoms or refrain from having sex have a lower risk of contracting bacterial vaginosis (BV), while unprotected sex is associated with a higher rate of treatment failure. As the director of the Vulvovaginal Disorders Program at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, Caroline M. Mitchell, MD, MPH, told Medscape Medical News, “A Huge Win for Women,” it’s crucial to keep in mind that bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a syndrome, meaning that different bacteria may be present in different people or episodes.

Clinically, I do see patients who appear to have highly sexually facilitated bacterial vaginosis (BV), which only occurs with one partner and goes away when they are not with that person. Others, however, do not feel this way at all. This isn’t universal, in my opinion. I do encounter patients who have attempted abstinence but continue to experience recurrence. In contrast to chlamydia, I do not believe that a person’s partner is being unfaithful if they have BV. However, the results of this study indicate that bacteria on the penis probably contribute to at least some cases of bacterial vaginosis (BV), which does appear to be sexually facilitated.

I do believe that there may be some passing back and forth of BV-associated bacteria between sexual partners for people with highly recurrent bacterial vaginosis (BV), and that treating both people as [recommended] in this paper will be necessary to clear those organisms,” she continued. She claimed that the study represents a significant advancement in the prevention of bacterial vaginosis (BV) recurrence in certain patients. This is a major victory for women, she said, because the field’s treatment options haven’t changed significantly since 1982. The results should alter counseling.

In an editorial that goes with it, Christina A. According to Jack D. Dot Sobel, MD, of the Division of Infectious Diseases at Wayne State University in Detroit, and Muzny, MD, MSPH, of the Division of Infectious Diseases at The University of Alabama at Birmingham, the results should alter counseling for women. According to the editorialists, the results also highlight the need for a significant shift in the way that women with bacterial vaginosis are treated, specifically in terms of counseling them about the cause of their infection and involving their male partners in sharing responsibility for treatment and transmission. Other than using condoms consistently, there are currently no effective methods to stop the sexual spread of bacteria linked to bacterial vaginosis.

The StepUp Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry and the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia provided funding for this study. The complete text of the papers is available along with the disclosures made by the authors and editorialists. Usyk disclosed no pertinent financial ties. Brotman disclosed no pertinent financial ties. Mitchell was granted stock options and serves on the scientific advisory boards of Concerto Bio and Ancilia Bio. Up to Date paid royalties to her.

Could eating on a time schedule affect my fertility?

Could eating on a time schedule affect my fertility?

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An increasingly well-liked weight-control strategy is time-restricted eating. This entails eating all of your meals and snacks during that time and fasting outside of it.

Evidence suggests that it may also reduce the risk of metabolic illnesses like diabetes. Some people find that it aids them in losing weight or maintaining a healthy weight.

An unfavorable effect of time-restricted eating on zebrafish fertility was discovered in a recent study. More study is required to find out similar occurrences in humans.

A type of intermittent fasting called time-restricted eating (TRE) emphasizes meal timing rather than calorie intake. It entails sticking to a rigid schedule of eating all of your meals and snacks — often between six and twelve hours each day. And only consuming water and calorie-free beverages outside of that window.

When following a TRE plan, a participant will select the eating window that best fits their lifestyle. By limiting their eating window, many people discover that they tend to eat less. This may make it an easy way to manage their weight. In recent years, the practice has grown in acceptance.

According to studies, TRE has various advantages. People with obesity who followed a 10-hour eating 14-hour fasting schedule for 8 weeks experienced clinically significant weight loss. Also, improvements in fasting blood glucose levels were observed. When obese women followed an 8:16 fasting schedule for three months, similar weight loss was observed.

Results haven’t always been favorable, either. According to a meta-analysis of 43 trials, calorie restriction was the best weight loss strategy, while intermittent fasting had a smaller impact.

TRE was found to have deleterious impacts on the quality of sperm and eggs in zebrafish. These effects persisted even when normal feeding was resumed.

Little impact on physical growth

For the study, the researchers employed zebrafish (Danio rerio), a little tropical fish that shares more than 70% of its genome with people. Zebrafish are tiny, thrive in big shoals in tanks, and reproduce quickly, making them a popular choice for research.

All of the fish had been fed an unrestricted diet before the experiment and were sexually mature. They were then randomly split into two groups by the researchers. One kept up the unrestricted diet, while the other went on a fast. The entire fish was added back to the diet after 15 days, according to the researchers.

The researchers measured the tail fin to determine somatic (body) growth during the 15-day experimental phase and after the animals were allowed to resume unrestricted feeding. They also evaluated reproductive performance, including the quality of the eggs and sperm produced.

The study’s authors discovered no distinction in somatic growth between the fish that had been fed normally and those that had been starved. Female fish, however, exhibited quicker fin growth than male fish after the fasting fish were put back on their regular diet.

Decline in egg and sperm quality

Females that were fasting had fewer offspring overall than those who were eating normally during the fast. However, the distinctions between fed and fasting fish vanished once they started re-feeding.

The quality of the offspring did differ before and after fasting, according to the researchers. Females produced fewer, but higher-quality children when fasting. The number of progeny increased once the fasting females resumed feeding, but their survival rate decreased.

Similarly, there was a decline in the quality of male sperm both during the fast and when feeding resumed.

Thus, fasting appeared to have a deleterious impact on gamete quality in both sexes, and the effects persisted even when normal food was resumed. According to the researchers, when food was scarce, fish focused more of their energy on maintaining their bodies and surviving rather than reproducing.

Similar effect on people?

UEA’s School of Biological Sciences professor and study’s corresponding author, Alexei Maklakov, stated: “Time-restricted fasting is a well-liked fitness and health trend that people follow to get in shape and lose weight,”

Prof. Alexei Maklakov stated, “But the way organisms adapt to food scarcity can affect the quality of eggs and sperm, and such effects could possibly persist after the end of the fasting period.”

Few research on the effects of TRE on fertility and reproduction have been conducted thus far, and the majority of these have involved rodents. The few human investigations, the majority of which had modest sample sizes, created more questions than they did answers.

Studies on humans

An extremely limited window (4-6 hours) for eating was discovered in a recent study to result in lower DHEA levels in obese women. DHEA is a steroid hormone that is crucial for the production of both estrogen and testosterone. Although this study was modest, experts emphasized the necessity for comparative studies in adults who are of a healthy weight.

Although the authors highlighted that there was little data in this area, another evaluation of papers revealed that intermittent fasting may lower androgen indicators in both men and women. This effect might help women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), but it could also have negative effects on men, like a loss of muscular mass.

The University of Illinois at Chicago’s Dr. Krista Varady, a professor of nutrition who was not involved in the study, has written extensively about TRE, She uttered:

Overall, I don’t believe that humans can benefit from these zebrafish research findings. According to findings from TRE studies conducted on humans, fasting has almost no negative effects on either a woman’s or a man’s reproductive hormones.

More study is required

Even though this study was done on fish, the authors claim that the results demonstrate how crucial it is to take into account how fasting may affect human fertility.

The study’s corresponding author, Dr. Edward Ivimey-Cook of the School of Biological Sciences at the University of East Anglia, said:

These findings emphasise how crucial it is to take into account not just how fasting affects body maintenance but also how it affects egg and sperm production.

He continued, “More research is needed to determine how long it takes for sperm and egg quality to get back to normal following the fasting period“.

Every year, hundreds of TRE articles in humans are published. I believe that rather than worrying about what is occurring in other non-mammalian species, we should concentrate on human discoveries. Humans and fish have radically different reproductive processes, making them quite different creatures. If this study had been conducted on people, it would have had a considerably greater impact.

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New combination could reduce the risk of Prostate cancer.

New combination could reduce the risk of Prostate cancer.

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The effectiveness of talazoparib plus enzalutamide in treating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in adult males was investigated in the TALAPRO-2 international phase 3 clinical trial.

Comparing talazoparib and enzalutamide therapy to placebo and enzalutamide therapy, a 37% lower risk of cancer progression or death was observed.

In 2023, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is anticipated to make a decision on the use of this combination therapy to treat men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer affects one in eight men in the United States and is the second most frequent cancer in males after skin cancer, according to the American Cancer Society.

Male hormones called androgens, such testosterone, promote the growth of prostate cancer cells. Even when blood testosterone levels are controlled, prostate cancer occasionally still progresses. Castration-resistant prostate cancer is the term for this.

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is the term used to describe a type of cancer that has migrated from the prostate gland to other bodily tissues like the lymph nodes and bones.

Treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer has greatly advanced in recent years. Despite these advancements, cancer might recur after therapy because existing medicines only have a temporary impact.

Pfizer researchers have combined the drugs talazoparib (Talzenna) and enzalutamide to create a breakthrough treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (Xtandi). In the phase 3 trial of TALAPRO-2, they evaluated the effectiveness and safety of this combination medication.

Dr. Neeraj Agarwal, professor of oncology and Presidential Endowed Chair of Cancer Research at Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, and principal investigator for TALAPRO-2, delivered the trial’s findings at the 2023 ASCO Genitourinary Cancers Conference.

Why this combination therapy?

Enzalutamide is a type of hormone therapy that has been approved for the treatment of prostate cancer in males. It functions by preventing testosterone from growing prostate cancer cells. Even after they have migrated to other parts of the body, without which they cannot proliferate.

The group of cancer medications known as poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors includes talazoparib. An enzyme (protein) called PARP is present in all cells and aids in the self-healing of injured cells. The repair activity of PARP in cancer cells is blocked by PARP inhibitors, which leads to the death of the cancer cells.

The FDA has authorised the PARP inhibitor talazoparib to treat germline (inherited) HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. However, has not yet licenced it to treat prostate cancer.

When combined with medications that restrict testosterone, PARP inhibitors may be beneficial for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, according to earlier research.

This inspired Pfizer researchers to create a combination therapy that combines the testosterone-blocking drug enzalutamide with the PARP inhibitor talazoparib.

Study

Adult men from 26 different countries who had metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer were included in the trial in December 2017.

At random, the participants were given one of the following:

  • Enzalutamide 160 mg once daily and talazoparib 0.5 mg were given to 402 individuals.
  • Or, for 403 individuals, a placebo and enzalutamide 160 mg once daily.

The TALAPRO-2 trial’s main goal was to determine whether adding talazoparib to enzalutamide extends radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS)—the period of time patients remain cancer-free—in comparison to placebo plus enzalutamide.

To see if any study participants had defective DNA repair genes, the researchers also analysed the DNA from the cancer cells of all study participants.

Drug combo lowers cancer progression risk

The median follow-up period for the combination therapy group was 24.9 months. However, the group receiving placebo + enzalutamide experienced a median follow-up period of 24.6 months.

According to the findings, talazoparib plus enzalutamide significantly decreased the risk of disease progression or mortality compared to placebo and enzalutamide by 37%. This was true whether “homologous recombination repair,” or DNA repair gene mutations, were present or not (HRR).

Dr. Andrew J. noted that TALAPRO-2, which joins the PROPEL research, is the second randomised phase 3 trial to show a benefit with combination [androgen receptor] plus PARP inhibition in delaying rPFS in the first line [metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer] context.

According to Dr. Armstronf, “the delays in rPFS range from > 50% relative improvements in HRR+ patients to 30-40% improvements in HRR-undetected individuals.

The results of TALAPRO-2 “differ from what was seen in the MAGNITUDE study with niraparib and abiraterone. Those without HRR deficiency (biomarker negative) group were stopped early due to lack of efficacy,” added Dr. Cora N. Sternberg, a genitourinary cancer specialist at Weill Cornell Medicine who was not involved in the study.

Data on overall survival were “immature” when the trial findings were announced. This indicates that more research is required to evaluate whether combination therapy with talazoparib and enzalutamide extends patient survival when compared to placebo and enzalutamide.

Is the combination therapy safe?

The study assessed any negative effects that men may have had from combination therapy.

The most frequent negative consequences were:

  • (65.8%) Anemia
  • reduction in neutrophil count (35.7%)
  • exhaustion (33.7%)
  • reduction in platelet count (24.6%)
  • Leukocyte count dropped (22.1%).
  • a backache (22.1%)
  • loss of appetite (21.6%
  • sickness (20.6%).

According to Dr. Zorko, the severe anaemia and neutropenia in the combination therapy group are not surprising given what is known about the side effects of PARP inhibitors.

Also, he advised that “before beginning combination therapy, consideration should be given to the necessity for transfusions and dose cessation. Particularly since 49% of patients had anaemia previous to therapy.”

The time toxicity required to obtain transfusions and supportive care in the clinic may further lessen patients’ enthusiasm for this oral combo therapy, the doctor added.

According to Dr. Armstrong, “there is higher toxicity and cost to patients getting combination [treatment], but these are tolerable for most patients and do not seem to impede quality of life in the long run in most patients with [dose] changes and side effect control.”

Study limitations and next steps

The primary limitations of this trial, according to Dr. Scott T. Tagawa, professor of medicine and urology at Weill Cornell Medicine who was not involved in it, include “early data for overall survival as well as [unknown] long-term adverse events.”

Dr. Zorko added: “In the trial, only 5.2% of patients had received abiraterone treatment in the past. We will see more patients in this area as they become castration-resistant as [triple therapy with] androgen-deprivation therapy, docetaxel, abiraterone/prednisone is used more frequently in the metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer setting, but whether this specific subgroup benefits will be interesting to see.

The final stage of medication development was the phase 3 clinical trial. The FDA must now analyse the results of the clinical trials and make a determination regarding the applicability of this therapy to patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. In 2023, the FDA is anticipated to make a decision regarding the clinical application.

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Genetic Overlap of Endometriosis & Chronic pain conditions

Genetic Overlap of Endometriosis & Chronic pain conditions

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There is presently no cure for the disease endometriosis, which can lead to discomfort and infertility. In order to determine whether endometriosis has a hereditary component, researchers at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom examined DNA samples from hundreds of female participants.

25 teams from around the world worked together with the researchers to collect and analyse a sizable amount of data from female participants with and without endometriosis.

Their results demonstrated a link between endometriosis and other inflammatory disorders in addition to demonstrating the genetic component of this condition. For those who have it, endometriosis can be a crippling ailment, and identifying it can be expensive and challenging.

Scientists from the University of Oxford collaborated with experts from other countries to study the DNA from tens of thousands of female volunteers. In order to understand more about the genetic variables influencing the illness. They found that endometriosis might be related to other inflammatory diseases.

Endometriosis overview

The endometrial lining, the tissue that lines the inside of the uterus, thickens during the menstrual cycle as part of the process. This lining usually sheds throughout the menstrual cycle if a person does not become pregnant.

A tissue that resembles this lining can occasionally proliferate where it shouldn’t, which is what happens with endometriosis. This lining may develop in the pelvic region, around the ovaries, or around the fallopian tubes. It can occasionally even grow around other organs like the intestines or the bladder.

Endometriosis symptoms and indicators might include:

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 10% of menstrual women worldwide who are in their reproductive stage are affected by endometriosis.

The study methods

In order to ascertain whether there is probably a genetic component to endometriosis, the research team from the University of Oxford planned to undertake a genome-wide association study (GWAS). They did a meta-analysis of the data gathered.

The researchers gathered data from more than 60,000 people. People had been diagnosed with endometriosis in collaboration with 25 other teams. They compared it to DNA samples from slightly more than 700,000 people who had been diagnosed with endometriosis.However they not have the disease.

Participants with either European or East Asian heritage provided the samples.

The genetic differences between those who have endometriosis and those who do not were taken into consideration by the researchers when they examined the data. The implications of these variations on “endometrium, blood, and other important tissues” were also taken into account.

In order to determine whether there was a connection between endometriosis and nine other immunological or inflammatory illnesses, researchers also looked at those conditions.

Genetic map of endometriosis

The scientists discovered 42 genetic loci sites of genes or genetic sequences in the genome. They regarded important for developing endometriosis after reviewing the data provided.

This research supports the hypothesis that endometriosis may have a hereditary component, which may be important for the advancement of diagnostic procedures and therapeutic approaches.

The researchers were able to pinpoint a number of genes and hormone regulators that were linked to both endometriosis and other pain problems after further investigating these locations.

The scientists discovered links between a number of medical illnesses and symptoms, including asthma, osteoarthritis, chronic back pain, and migraines.

Senior research scientist at the Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics at the University of Oxford and the study’s first author, Dr. Nilufer Rahmioglu, spoke about the study.

“We were able to generate a treasure trove of new information about genetically driven endometriosis subtypes. Also, pain experience using different datasets of women with and without endometriosis. Some of which had unprecedented detailed data on surgical findings and pain experience collected using standardised criteria,” said Dr. Rahmioglu.

Links to IBS, migraine, asthma

MNT spoke with Dr. G. Thomas Ruiz, the head of OB/GYN at Memorial Care Orange Coast Medical Center in Fountain Valley, California, who was not associated with this study.

This study confirms the significance of a family history of endometriosis. Gynecologists have long known this, and this study confirms their theory, according to Dr. Ruiz.

Dr. Ruiz stated that the study’s huge sample size is a strength and that a lot of useful information can be extrapolated from it. He advises concentrating on the overall concept that “endometriosis and advanced stage endometriosis” have a genetic basis.

Dr. Ruiz continued, “There seems to be a connection between the body’s response to endometriosis and other inflammatory diseases like osteoarthritis and asthma.

The results of the study were also discussed by Dr. Steve Vasilev, an integrative gynecologic oncologist who is board-certified, the medical director of integrative gynecologic oncology at Providence Saint John’s Health Center, and a professor at Saint John’s Cancer Institute in Santa Monica, California. Dr. Vasilev was not involved in the study.

Diagnosis and management

Endometriosis may be the cause of persistent pelvic discomfort, painfully heavy periods, and other menstrual symptoms. Women who are concerned about these symptoms should speak with their gynaecologists.

There is currently no blood test that can validate a doctor’s diagnosis of endometriosis, according to recommendations published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal earlier this month.

Endometriosis is generally diagnosed by laparoscopic surgery. But like all operations, this one is a little intrusive and comes with certain dangers.

As a result, these new diagnostic guidelines advise doctors to detect endometriosis by combining patient history with imaging. Diagnostic techniques covered by the recommendations include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transvaginal ultrasound.

Hormone therapy, such as birth control tablets can have efficacy rates of 60-80%, people with endometriosis can manage their symptoms. Nonetheless, surgery may be required to eliminate lesions in those who are attempting to get pregnant.

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Dysuria: When It Hurts to Go With the ‘Flow

Dysuria: When It Hurts to Go With the ‘Flow

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Dysuria, or painful urination, can occur for a number of causes. When someone urinates, it could ache because of an infection, kidney stones, a cyst, or another illness affecting the bladder or adjacent organs.

This symptom has a wide range of possible explanations, many of which are curable.

Individuals who experience dysuria should inform their doctor of any other symptoms. If these are associated with painful urination, it may be possible for doctors to diagnose the condition and suggest the best course of action.

Causes of painful urination

Urinary tract infections

A urinary tract infection frequently manifests as painful urination (UTI). A bacterial infection may lead to a UTI. Urinary tract irritation may also be to blame.

The urinary tract is made up of the urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys. Urine travels from the kidneys to the bladder through tubes called ureters. Any of these organs that are inflamed can induce urinating pain.

UTIs are more common in those who have vagina than in those who have a penis. This is so because people with a vagina have shorter urethras. Bacteria need to travel less distance to reach the bladder if the urethra is shorter.

Urinary tract infections are also more likely to occur in menopausal or pregnant women.

Sexually transmissible diseases (STIs)

Also, if you have a sexually transmitted infection, you might feel pain when peeing (STI). Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and genital herpes are a few STIs that can make urinating unpleasant.

Due to the fact that STIs are sometimes asymptomatic, it is crucial to get checked for them. STI testing should be done on a large number of sexually active individuals.

Prostatitis

Painful urination might be brought on by other medical disorders. Prostatitis, which affects the prostate, can cause painful urinating in men. The prostate gland is inflamed in this syndrome. It is the main source of burning, stinging, and pain in the urinary system.

Cystitis

Urination pain can also be brought on by cystitis, an inflammation of the bladder lining. The term “painful bladder syndrome” (PBS) is another name for interstitial cystitis (IC). The most typical kind of cystitis is this one. Pain and tenderness in the bladder and pelvic area are IC symptoms.

Radiation therapy occasionally results in pain in the bladder and urethra. Radiation cystitis is the name of this condition.

Urethritis

The condition known as urethritis denotes inflammation of the urethra, typically brought on by bacterial infection. In addition to frequently causing pain while urinating, urethritis can also increase the urge to urinate.

Epididymitis

Epididymitis, or inflammation of the epididymis in people with a penis, can also result in painful urination. Sperm from the testes are stored and transported by the epididymis, which is situated behind the testicles.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

PID can have an impact on the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. Among other symptoms, it can lead to painful urination, painful intercourse, and abdominal pain.

PID is a severe infection that typically results from a bacterial infection that starts in the vagina and spreads to the reproductive organs.

Uropathy with obstruction

Urine flowing back into the kidneys is known as obstructive uropathy, which is caused by an obstruction in the ureter, bladder, or urethra. Regardless of the cause, it’s critical to get medical attention as soon as symptoms appear.

Similar problems with urination and pain can be brought on by another disorder called urethral stricture, which causes the urethra to narrow.

Renal stones

If you have kidney stones, it could be uncomfortable for you to urinate. The urinary tract contains masses of hardened material called kidney stones.

Medications

Painful urination is a side effect of various drugs, including some antibiotics and cancer treatments. Discuss any possible pharmaceutical side effects with your healthcare professional.

Hygiene items

It’s not always an infection that causes painful urinating. Moreover, it could be brought on by genital product use. Vaginal tissues can become particularly irritated by soaps, lotions, and bubble baths.

Dyes in laundry detergents and other personal care items can irritate and contribute to health problems such as dysuria.

Differences in males and females

Both sexes can experience pain during urinating, and the causes may depend on the anatomy.

For instance, female urethras are shorter than male urethras. This makes it easier for germs to enter the bladder, which can result in UTIs.

A person might discuss with their doctor the likelihood that they will experience painful urinating based on their sex and medical history.

Treatment options for painful urination

The initial step before receiving therapy will be to identify the source of the pain.

To address painful urinating, your doctor could prescribe medication. UTIs, some bacterial infections, and some STIs can all be treated with antibiotics. Also, your doctor might prescribe you medicine to soothe your agitated bladder.

If you start taking medicine, painful urination brought on by a bacterial infection typically gets better quite soon. Take the medication exactly as directed by your doctor every time.

Certain infections, like interstitial cystitis, can cause pain that is more difficult to treat than others. The effects of pharmacological therapy could take longer. Before you start to feel better, you might need to take medicine for up to 4 months.

Prevent painful urination

There are lifestyle adjustments you can undertake to help with symptom relief.

  • Avoid using scented toiletries and laundry detergents to lower your chance of irritation.
  • When engaging in sexual activity, use condoms or other barrier techniques.
  • Eliminate foods and beverages from your diet that can irritate the bladder (such as highly acidic foods, caffeine, and alcohol).
  • Drink plenty of water.

When to see a doctor

Get in touch with your doctor:

  • if the discomfort is ongoing or severe
  • if you are expecting
  • There is fever and ache together.
  • if you develop vaginal or penile discharge
  • your urine smells strange, contains blood, or is cloudy
  • if abdominal discomfort is present along with the pain
  • if you expel a kidney or bladder stone

To help identify the source of the pain, your doctor may request lab tests and inquire about any further symptoms.

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