Browsed by
Category: Cancer

Breast Cancer Survivors May Face Lower Alzheimer Disease Risk

Breast Cancer Survivors May Face Lower Alzheimer Disease Risk

A recent study has suggested a surprising link between radiotherapy for breast cancer and a reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Here’s a breakdown of the findings and possible explanations:

Key Findings:

  • Lower Alzheimer’s Risk in Radiotherapy-Treated Patients: Some studies have observed that breast cancer patients who received radiotherapy had a lower incidence of Alzheimer’s disease compared to those who did not undergo radiation treatment.
  • Possible Protective Effect: The radiation exposure, while targeting cancer cells, might also trigger biological mechanisms that protect against neurodegenerative processes.

Potential Explanations:

  1. Radiation-Induced Immune Response:
    • Radiotherapy may stimulate the brain’s immune cells (microglia), enhancing their ability to clear toxic proteins like beta-amyloid, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s.
  2. Reduced Inflammation:
    • Some evidence suggests that low-dose radiation might have anti-inflammatory effects, which could slow neurodegeneration.
  3. DNA Repair Mechanisms:
    • Radiation activates DNA repair pathways, which might also help protect neurons from damage linked to Alzheimer’s.
  4. Selection Bias or Confounding Factors:
    • Breast cancer survivors receiving radiotherapy may differ in other health or lifestyle factors that influence Alzheimer’s risk (e.g., closer medical follow-up, healthier behaviors).

Caveats & Limitations:

  • Observational Nature: Most studies are retrospective, meaning they observe associations rather than proving causation.
  • Dose & Timing Variability: The effect may depend on radiation dose, brain exposure, and patient age at treatment.
  • Other Cancers vs. Breast Cancer: This association isn’t consistently seen with radiotherapy for other cancers, suggesting a unique interaction with breast cancer biology or treatment protocols.

Future Research Directions:

  • Prospective Studies: Tracking breast cancer patients over time to confirm the link.
  • Mechanistic Studies: Exploring how radiation affects Alzheimer’s-related pathways.
  • Risk-Benefit Analysis: Weighing potential cognitive benefits against known risks of radiotherapy (e.g., secondary cancers, cardiovascular effects).

While intriguing, this association requires further validation before any clinical implications can be drawn. Patients should not seek radiotherapy for Alzheimer’s prevention, but the findings open new avenues for research into neuroprotection.

Reference:

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12181787

https://practicalneurology.com/news/breast-cancer-survivors-may-face-lower-alzheimer-disease-risk/2475574

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/radiotherapy-for-breast-cancer-linked-to-lower-alzheimers-risk

Medications that have been suggested by doctors worldwide are available on below link

https://mygenericpharmacy.com/category/disease/cancer

Exercise may be as important as drugs in preventing cancer recurrence.

Exercise may be as important as drugs in preventing cancer recurrence.

Absolutely! Emerging research continues to highlight that exercise is a powerful tool in cancer prevention, treatment, and survivorship—potentially rivaling the benefits of some medications in reducing recurrence risk.

Key Evidence on Exercise & Cancer Recurrence:

  1. Colon Cancer:
    • A landmark study (JAMA Oncology, 2019) found that stage 3 colon cancer patients who engaged in regular moderate exercise (e.g., 30 min/day, 5 days/week) had a 40–50% lower risk of recurrence and death—similar to the protective effect of chemotherapy.
    • Mechanisms: Exercise reduces inflammation, insulin resistance, and visceral fat (linked to cancer growth).
  2. Breast Cancer:
    • The AMBER study showed that vigorous exercise (3–5 hrs/week) lowered recurrence risk by up to 40% in hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer.
    • Exercise may reduce estrogen levels (fuel for some breast cancers).
  3. Prostate & Other Cancers:
    • Regular physical activity is tied to slower progression in prostate cancer and improved outcomes in lung/ovarian cancers.

Why Exercise Works Like a “Drug”:

  • Boosts Immunity: Enhances natural killer (NK) cell activity.
  • Lowers Insulin & IGF-1: High levels are linked to tumor growth.
  • Reduces Chronic Inflammation: A key driver of metastasis.
  • Improves Treatment Tolerance: Helps patients complete chemo/radiation.

Caveats:

  • Not a Replacement for Therapy: Exercise complements (but doesn’t replace) standard treatments.
  • Personalization Matters: Survivors should tailor activity to their fitness level and treatment side effects (e.g., neuropathy, fatigue).

While drugs target cancer directly, exercise creates a hostile environment for tumors systemically. Oncologists increasingly view it as adjuvant therapy—so much so that some cancer centers now prescribe “exercise oncology” programs.

Reference:

https://www.downtoearth.org.in/health/exercise-proves-powerful-in-preventing-colon-cancer-recurrence-new-study

https://www.nbcnews.com/health/cancer/exercise-may-benefit-colon-cancer-patients-much-drugs-rcna209560

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8431973

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/exercise-may-be-as-important-as-drugs-in-preventing-colon-cancer-recurrence

Medications that have been suggested by doctors worldwide are available on below link

https://mygenericpharmacy.com/category/disease/cancer

Combo therapy may cut stage 3 colon cancer recurrence, death risk by 50%

Combo therapy may cut stage 3 colon cancer recurrence, death risk by 50%

Exciting news in oncology! A recent study suggests that combo therapy (likely combining chemotherapy with other treatments like immunotherapy or targeted therapy) may reduce the risk of recurrence and death in stage 3 colon cancer by up to 50% compared to standard treatments alone.

Key Points:

  • Stage 3 colon cancer means the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes but not distant organs.
  • Current standard treatment is surgery + chemotherapy (e.g., FOLFOX or CAPOX).
  • The new combo therapy (exact drugs not specified here) appears to significantly improve outcomes.
  • A 50% reduction in recurrence and death risk is a major breakthrough if confirmed in larger trials.

Why This Matters:

  • Colon cancer recurrence is a major concern; preventing it improves survival.
  • If validated, this could become a new standard of care for high-risk patients.

Reference:

https://www.targetedonc.com/view/atezolizumab-chemo-reduces-risk-of-recurrence-or-death-by-50-in-dmmr-colon-cancer

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/combo-immunotherapy-may-cut-stage-3-colon-cancer-recurrence-death-rate-50-percent

https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/immunotherapy-boosts-chemotherapy-in-combating-stage-3-colon-cancer

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3126021

Medications that have been suggested by doctors worldwide are available on below link

https://mygenericpharmacy.com/category/disease/cancer

Exercise may be just as crucial as medication in avoiding the return of cancer.

Exercise may be just as crucial as medication in avoiding the return of cancer.

That’s a compelling and increasingly supported idea! Research suggests that regular exercise can play a significant role in reducing the risk of cancer recurrence and improving survival rates, potentially rivaling the benefits of some medications in certain cancers.

How Exercise Helps Prevent Cancer Recurrence

  1. Reduces Inflammation & Insulin Resistance
    • Chronic inflammation and high insulin levels are linked to cancer growth. Exercise helps regulate these factors.
  2. Boosts Immune Function
    • Physical activity enhances immune surveillance, helping the body detect and destroy remaining cancer cells.
  3. Lowers Estrogen & Testosterone Levels
    • Important for hormone-driven cancers (e.g., breast and prostate cancer), exercise helps regulate these hormones.
  4. Improves Treatment Efficacy
    • Some studies suggest exercise may make chemotherapy and radiation more effective while reducing side effects.
  5. Reduces Obesity & Fat-Related Risks
    • Excess fat tissue produces hormones that can fuel cancer growth; exercise helps maintain a healthy weight.

Evidence Supporting Exercise’s Role

  • Breast Cancer: A 2022 study in JAMA Oncology found that 150+ minutes of moderate exercise per week reduced recurrence risk by up to 40%—comparable to some adjuvant therapies.
  • Colorectal Cancer: Research in the Journal of Clinical Oncology showed that regular physical activity lowered recurrence and mortality risks by 30-50%.
  • Prostate Cancer: Vigorous exercise (e.g., running, swimming) has been linked to slower progression and better outcomes.

Exercise vs. Drugs: A Complementary Approach

While medications (e.g., tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors) remain crucial, exercise acts as a powerful adjuvant therapy. Some experts argue that for certain patients, exercise may be as impactful as drugs—but the best outcomes come from combining both.

Recommended Exercise Guidelines for Survivors

  • Aerobic Exercise: 150+ minutes/week (e.g., brisk walking, cycling).
  • Strength Training: 2-3x/week to maintain muscle mass.
  • Consistency Matters: Even light activity (like walking) has benefits.

Exercise isn’t a replacement for medical treatment, but it’s a critical part of survivorship care. Many oncologists now prescribe exercise as part of cancer therapy, reinforcing its role alongside drugs in preventing recurrence.

Reference:

https://www.nbcnews.com/health/cancer/exercise-may-benefit-colon-cancer-patients-much-drugs-rcna209560

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8431973

https://katiecouric.com/health/cancer/exercise-benefits-for-cancer-study

Medications that have been suggested by doctors worldwide are available on below link

https://mygenericpharmacy.com/category/disease/cancer

Colorectal cancer: What to know

Colorectal cancer: What to know

Any cancer that affects the colon and rectum is referred to as colorectal cancer, sometimes called bowel cancer, colon cancer, or rectal cancer. Constipation, diarrhea, or blood in the stool are typical symptoms of colorectal cancer. Symptoms of colorectal cancer might not appear until the disease has advanced. Screening may be beneficial for people with colorectal cancer risk factors, such as being over 50 and having a family history of the disease. Additionally, people can lower their risk of colorectal cancer by taking certain actions. This could entail adjustments to one’s diet and exercise routine.

In its early stages, colorectal cancer might not exhibit symptoms. Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation, diarrhea, narrow stools, a feeling that the bowel does not empty completely, blood in the feces that makes it appear dark brown or black, bright red blood from the rectum, abdominal pain and bloating, fatigue, and unexplained weight loss are some of the symptoms that may occur if it does. In the United States, approximately 37% of patients with colorectal cancer are diagnosed in the early stages of the disease. Colorectal cancer symptoms, however, can mimic those of numerous other illnesses. Anyone worried about these symptoms ought to consult a doctor.

Some people only become aware of symptoms when colorectal cancer spreads to other parts of their body, such as the liver or lungs. Of those who are diagnosed with colon cancer after expressing symptoms, 37% have blood in their feces or from the rectum, 34% have abdominal pain, and 23% have anemia. The affected area may influence the symptoms. For instance, jaundice, which results in yellowing of the whites of the eyes, can occur if cancer spreads to the liver. People may also appear yellowish if their skin is white or light brown. Coughing or trouble breathing may be symptoms of lung cancer.

In 2025, there will be 46,950 new cases of rectal cancer and 107,320 new cases of colon cancer in the US, according to the American Cancer Society (ACS). The third most prevalent type of cancer in the United States is colorectal cancer. S. It is the second most common cause of death among cancers that affect people of all sexes. Globally, the incidence varies. It is more prevalent in nations with stronger economies. However, the prevalence of colorectal cancer in different populations in these nations may be influenced by socioeconomic factors, such as access to cancer care and screening. Additionally, colorectal cancer rates among those under 50 have been on the rise.

Although the exact cause of colorectal cancer is unknown, a mix of environmental and genetic factors is probably to blame. Approximately 70% of cases of colon cancer () have no known cause. Three to five percent of cases may be caused by genetic mutations linked to inherited colon cancer. Although there are no inherited mutations, 20–25% of people may have a family history of the condition. Other risk factors for colorectal cancer may include: being over 50; being male; eating a lot of red or processed meats; drinking alcohol; smoking; not exercising much; being overweight or obese; having type 2 diabetes; having received radiation treatment for childhood abdominal cancer; and having polyps in the colon or rectum.

A 2023 review found that Alaskan Native and Black Americans have the highest rates of colorectal cancer deaths and incidence in the United States. S. According to the American Cancer Society, African Americans have a 40 percent higher fatality rate and a 20 percent higher chance of developing this type of cancer than white people. Inequity in employment, diet, and other aspects of daily life, as well as socioeconomic factors and disparities in screening and other healthcare aspects, could be the cause.

Tests for colorectal cancer may include stool, blood, and visual examinations, including a colonoscopy. Screening guidelines differ from one organization to the next. For instance, the United States Preventive Services Task Force advises adults between the ages of 45 and 75 to get screened for colorectal cancer. According to them, screening for adults between the ages of 75 and 85 ought to be selective and take into account personal characteristics like patient preference and general health. The American College of Physicians modified its recommendations in 2023. It suggests that starting at age 50, clinicians should screen adults with an average risk of colorectal cancer. However, it recommends that if an adult has an average risk or a life expectancy of less than ten years, clinicians should think about not screening adults between the ages of 45 and 49 who have an average risk, as well as adults over 75 who do not exhibit symptoms. Healthcare providers may advise screening to begin before the age of 45 if a person has a high risk of colorectal cancer.

Polyps can be found through screening before they develop into cancer. Additionally, it can identify colon cancer early on, when treatment is simpler. A physical examination may be the first step in diagnosing colorectal cancer. A person’s symptoms may determine the specifics of this. Other diagnostic procedures could include a colonoscopy, which gives a doctor a view of the entire colon and rectum using a long, flexible instrument with a camera. Stool tests: To look for blood, doctors may analyze a stool sample. Blood tests: To examine tumor markers, liver enzymes, and blood cells, doctors may perform blood tests. Biopsy: To check for cancerous cells in a lab, a physician may take a tissue sample during surgery or a colonoscopy. Proctoscopy: A proctoscopy involves a physician using a tiny, thin tube with a video camera attached to look inside the rectum. Imaging tests: A doctor can detect cancer or determine whether and how far it has spread with the use of imaging tests like MRIs, CT scans, and ultrasounds.

Many variables determine the optimal course of treatment for colorectal cancer. The size, location, and stage of the tumors, whether the cancer is recurrent, and the patient’s general health are some of these. Surgery is the main treatment for colorectal cancer that only affects the colon. In addition to removing tumors and impacted lymph nodes, its goals are to stop the cancer from spreading. The location of the cancer, its stage, and the intended surgical outcome may all influence the type of surgery. The following surgical techniques may be used to treat colon and rectal cancer: Polypectomy: In cases of very early-stage cancer, doctors remove the cancer during a colonoscopy as part of a polyp. Local excision: Doctors remove small, early-stage cancers along with some surrounding tissue during a colonoscopy.

A colectomy involves removing the colon and any surrounding lymph nodes, either completely or partially. Some small, early-stage rectal cancers that are near the rectum can be removed with a transanal excision. Higher rectum cancers may require transanal endoscopic microsurgery. Low anterior resection: This procedure eliminates the rectum’s lymph nodes, surrounding tissues, and cancer. Proctectomy: The entire rectum is removed during a proctectomy. The rectum, anus, and surrounding tissues are removed during an abdominal-perineal resection. People will need a colostomy bag for the rest of their lives. To manage or remove cancerous growths that obstruct the colon or rectum, people may also require surgery. If cancer spreads.

The extent of cancer’s spread is indicated by its stage. Identifying the stage aids medical professionals in selecting the best course of action. There are various staging guidelines. One set of rules states: Stage 0: Also referred to as carcinoma in situ, this is the earliest stage. Only the inner layer of the colon or rectum contains the cancer.
Stage 1: Although the cancer has penetrated the inner layer of the colon or rectum, it has not progressed past the colon or rectum’s wall.
Stage 2: Although the cancer has not yet spread to neighboring lymph nodes, it has penetrated or grown through the colon or rectum’s wall.
Stage 3: Although the cancer has not spread to other areas of the body, it has reached neighboring lymph nodes.
Stage 4: The cancer has spread to other body parts, like the lungs or liver. Sometimes the cancer is eradicated by treatment, but it returns in a different or identical location. We refer to this type of cancer as “recurrent”

Anyone can get colorectal cancer, and there is no way to avoid it. However, by going to routine screening, those with a higher-than-average risk might be able to detect it early. Additionally, people may be able to lower their risk of colorectal cancer by altering their lifestyle. Consuming a healthy, balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains; maintaining or reaching a moderate weight; exercising frequently; avoiding red and processed meats; quitting or abstaining from smoking; avoiding alcohol; and taking certain vitamins and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs regularly may all help lower the risk of colorectal cancer, according to research. However, before attempting these techniques, people should consult a physician. Additionally, scientists are investigating how vaccines might be used to treat and prevent colorectal cancer.

Breast-conserving therapy linked to better sexual well-being compared to mastectomy

Breast-conserving therapy linked to better sexual well-being compared to mastectomy

According to a study published in the March issue of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery®, the official medical journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS), women with breast cancer who undergo breast-conserving therapy (BCT) report better sexual well-being than those who undergo mastectomy and breast reconstruction.

In contrast to those who underwent breast reconstruction and total mastectomy, patients who underwent BCT consistently scored higher on a measure of sexual well-being. The results emphasize how sexuality needs to be given more consideration when talking about breast cancer treatment options.

Sexual health issues are common among breast cancer patients. According to earlier research, up to 85% of patients with breast cancer report having sexual dysfunction, but few of them receive any kind of medical advice about it. BCT also referred to as lumpectomy offers many patients a successful substitute for mastectomy. Breast reconstruction has been shown to improve the quality of life and self-esteem of patients who have mastectomy.

Sexual well-being has not received much attention in research on breast cancer treatment, particularly when comparing the results of breast cancer treatment (BCT) and postmastectomy breast reconstruction (PMBR). Dr. Dot Nelson and associates examined sexual well-being scores for 15,857 patients who had breast cancer surgery between 2010 and 2022 using the validated BREAST-Q questionnaire. Approximately 46% of patients had PBMR and 54% had BCT. Using long-term follow-up when available, scores on a subscale measuring sexual well-being which includes sexual attractiveness, sexual confidence, and comfort level during intercourse were compared between groups.

Better recovery after BCT; few patients receive sexual medicine consultation
On a scale of 0 to 100, the two groups’ average scores for sexual well-being before surgery were comparable: 62 for the BCT group and 59 for the PBMR group. The BCT group’s sexual well-being score increased to 66 by six months, and it stayed there for up to five years. In comparison to BCT, women undergoing PBMR consistently scored lower on sexual well-being With longer follow-ups, the average score improved to 53 from 49 at six months. By the end of the study period, patients who had not yet undergone breast reconstruction had an even lower average sexual well-being score (41).

Overall, the BCT group’s scores were 7–6 points higher on average. Scores in other BREAST-Q domains, such as psychological well-being, breast satisfaction, and physical well-being of the chest, showed a significant correlation with sexual well-being. Sexual medicine consultation was available from a dedicated service at the authors’ cancer center, but only 3 percent of the BCT group and 5 percent of the PBMR group received it, despite the impact on sexual well-being. PBMR patients were roughly half as likely to receive a sexual medicine consultation after controlling for other variables.

The study supports earlier findings that women who undergo breast cancer BCT recover sexual well-being faster than those who undergo PMBR. The researchers write BCT may be the superior choice for patients who wish to maintain their sexual well-being among breast cancer patients who are eligible for either BCT or mastectomy.

The authors also stress how important it is to think about and talk about how breast cancer surgery affects sexual health. Dr. Dot Nelson ends by saying: Even though many patients have poor sexual health, the majority do not receive consultations for sexual medicine, indicating a chance for providers to enhance the sexual health of patients with breast cancer.

https://mygenericpharmacy.com/index.php?therapy=10

Low-carb diets may increase colorectal cancer risk

Low-carb diets may increase colorectal cancer risk

In recent years, the number of children, teens, and young adults with colorectal cancer has increased. To determine whether the gut microbiota and diet have an effect on the development of colorectal cancer, researchers recently investigated various diets and bacteria. To determine whether there were any effects on the gut, the researchers paired three distinct bacterial strains with three different diets. They discovered that a certain strain of Escherichia coli in conjunction with a low-carb, low-fiber diet can cause an increase in colon polyps, which can result in the development of colorectal cancer.

Although low-carb diets, like the ketogenic diet, have become more popular recently, many experts question whether a more restrictive diet could have detrimental effects on one’s health. In a recent study, researchers from the University of Toronto in Canada investigated the potential effects of low-carb diets on bacteria associated with colorectal cancer. In their study, the researchers employed mice and examined various bacterial strains as well as low-carb, typical, and Westernized diets.

They concentrated on whether these diets have an effect on specific bacteria and how that could lead to the development of colorectal cancer. The findings of their study demonstrated that low-carb diets have a detrimental effect on a particular strain of Escherichia coli. The researchers discovered that it accelerated the growth of polyps. Certain polyps can progress to colorectal cancer.

How might certain bacteria lead to cancer?
One of the most common types of cancer diagnosed in the US is colorectal cancer, which affects the colon and rectum. One out of every 26 women and one out of every 24 men will develop this cancer. According to recent data, the number of colorectal cancer cases among adults aged 30 to 34 increased by 71% between 1999 and 2020, while the number among adults aged 35 to 39 increased by 58% during the same period. The 5-year survival rate for colorectal cancer is 64.4%, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source.

Although prevention of colorectal cancer cannot be guaranteed, there are steps people can take to reduce their risk (Trusted Source). Among these are quitting smoking, consuming less alcohol, eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and avoiding processed foods and red meat.

The new study sought to ascertain whether there was a relationship between particular diet types and particular types of bacteria, as researchers suspect that dietary choices may be linked to the development of colorectal cancer. Three bacteria were the focus of their investigation: Helicobacter hepaticus, E. coli, and Bacteroides fragilis.

They colonized the mice using E. Coli. According to the study’s authors, these microbes either directly damage intestinal epithelial cells’ DNA by producing genotoxins or indirectly by inducing inflammatory mediators that damage DNA. The mice used in the study were fed Western-style diets, which were heavy in fat and sugar, regular chow diets, and diets low in carbs and fiber.

E. coli and low-carb diets increase cancer risk
Following nine weeks of feeding the mice their particular diets, the researchers monitored the mice for the development of polyps and remeasured them at sixteen weeks. Only the combination of the low-carb diet and E was tested among the bacteria and diets. Coli may raise the risk of colorectal cancer, according to research. This is noteworthy because, as stated by the authors of the study, E. Coli is found in 60% of cases of colorectal cancer.

This combination increased the number of tumors and polyps in the mice, which can raise the risk of colorectal cancer. These mice also displayed other indicators that increase the risk of colorectal cancer, including DNA damage. The colon’s protective mucous layer against bacteria was weakened by the low-carb diet. In mice that have E. Colibactin was able to reach colon cells because of this. One genotix that harms DNA is colibactin, according to a reliable source.

Additionally, these mice had cell senescence, which can lead to the development of cancer. The mice on low-carb, low-fiber diets with E had reduced levels of gut health regulation, the researchers discovered. coli, which fuels inflammation. In general, mice fed a low-carb diet paired with E. Coli’s gut microbiome was so disturbed and damaged that scientists discovered it to be a setting that encourages colorectal cancer.

Despite these alarming findings, the researchers discovered that feeding these mice fiber decreased the development of tumors and assisted in regulating inflammation. By figuring out whether particular fiber types are more protective and researching their effects on people, the researchers hope to carry on this line of inquiry.

What dietary changes may help lower cancer risk?
According to the article’s highlighted mouse study, there may be a substantial connection between low-carb diets and colibactin-producing E. She informed us about colorectal cancer and E. Coli. A low-carb diet combined with an E. strain was found to be beneficial by the researchers. Mice with colibactin-producing E. Coli developed colorectal cancer. Cusick described how the low-carb, low-fiber diet and E. coli create an environment in the gut. Coli resulted in a thinner mucous barrier, more polyps, which are cancer precursors, and increased gut inflammation.

Although she described the results as fascinating and captivating, she pointed out that more study is required before they can be used on people. Cusick listed a few forms of fiber that might support the colon’s mucus barrier because the study emphasized how important it is.

According to the article’s highlighted mouse study, there may be a substantial connection between low-carb diets and colibactin-producing E. She informed us about colorectal cancer and E. Coli. A low-carb diet combined with an E. strain was found to be beneficial by the researchers. Mice with colibactin-producing E. Coli developed colorectal cancer.

Cusick described how the low-carb, low-fiber diet and E. coli create an environment in the gut. Coli resulted in a thinner mucous barrier, more polyps, which are cancer precursors, and increased gut inflammation. Although she described the results as fascinating and captivating, she pointed out that more study is required before they can be used on people. Cusick listed a few forms of fiber that might support the colon’s mucus barrier because the study emphasized how important it is.

Vora was also not involved in the study. “I believe this can be considered hypothesis-generating,” Vora said of the research. The incidence of colorectal cancer may be explained by a real connection. Although Vora agreed that more research is needed on this subject, he also noted that the gut biome is a popular area of study due to its connection to colon cancer and that many new research topics will emerge in this area.

Aspirin may prevent cancer metastasis by boosting the immune response

Aspirin may prevent cancer metastasis by boosting the immune response

Approximately 50% of individuals will receive a cancer diagnosis at some point in their lives, usually in their later years. Although cancer cells can separate and spread to other parts of the body, it is easiest to treat cancer that is contained in its original location. By strengthening the body’s immune response, aspirin may help prevent metastases, or secondary tumors, according to researchers looking into how cancer spreads. Aspirin assisted immune cells in eliminating cancer cells that were spreading in their mouse study. People are being studied to see if aspirin or medications that target the same pathway can help prevent or postpone the recurrence of cancers.

Based on data from 2010-2011, Cancer Research UK reports that half of all people in Wales and England who receive a cancer diagnosis will live for at least ten years following their diagnosis. For some of the more common cancers, the percentage is significantly higher. According to data from 2013 to 2017, over 75% of people in England who have been diagnosed with either prostate or breast cancer will still be alive ten years later. Early detection, before the cancer has a chance to spread from its original site, is essential to a successful outcome. Over 90% of cancer-related deaths occur after the disease has spread to another area of the body.

Researchers from the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom have now found that aspirin, a widely accessible and inexpensive pain reliever, may be able to stop the spread of some cancers. Aspirin affected platelets, which are tiny cells that cause blood to clot, in mice by reducing their production of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), a clotting factor that inhibits immune T cells, according to a study published in Nature. These T cells can then eliminate any cancer cells that are spreading because TXA2 isn’t suppressing them as much.

The study generates a valid hypothesis on how to prevent cancer recurrence and spread using a very simple intervention for patients, according to Nilesh Vora, MD, a board-certified hematologist and medical oncologist who serves as the medical director of the MemorialCare Todd Cancer Institute at Long Beach Medical Center in Long Beach, CA. This article’s main point is that aspirin stops cancers from spreading by lowering TXA2 and releasing suppressed T cells. Although treatment for early-stage cancers has advanced significantly, if cancer cells have spread from the original tumor site, there is still a chance that the cancer will recur elsewhere in the body.

The immune system is weakened inside the original tumor’s microenvironment, making it less effective at eliminating cancer cells. However, the immune system may target these lone cancer cells once they migrate. There is a special window of opportunity for treatment when cancer first spreads because cancer cells are more susceptible to immune attack. Patients with early cancer who are at risk of recurrence should benefit greatly from therapies that target this window of vulnerability.

Surprising new use for old drug
In mice, the researchers had previously discovered 15 genes that affected the spread of cancer. They discovered that some primary cancers in the liver and lungs metastasized less frequently in mice deficient in a gene that produces the protein ARHGEF1. They deduced from this that ARHGEF1 inhibits T cells that eliminate metastatic cells. They then found that when cells are exposed to the clotting factor TXA2, this gene is activated. Although recent evidence now contradicts the data on heart attack and stroke prevention, aspirin is sometimes taken at low doses to lower the risk of blood clots, heart attacks, and strokes because it inhibits platelets’ production of TXA2.

Aspirin-treated mice experienced fewer metastases than control mice in the current study, which examined the mouse model of melanoma, an aggressive type of skin cancer. The aspirin allowed their T cells to kill cancer cells by releasing them from TXA2-induced suppression. According to a press release from Jie Yang, PhD, one of the study co-authors based at the University of Cambridge, It was a eureka moment when we found TXA2 was the molecular signal that activates this suppressive effect on T cells. Yang stated that before this, we were unaware of the significance of our findings in comprehending aspirin’s anti-metastatic action. It was a shocking discovery that led us in a completely different direction than we had originally intended.

Do the findings on aspirin and cancer also apply to people?
Yang emphasized the promise of the research team’s findings, pointing out that aspirin or other medications that might target this pathway might be more affordable than antibody-based treatments and, as a result, more widely available. However, the researchers caution that aspirin can have side effects and may not be suitable for everyone. Aspirin frequently causes indigestion, nausea, and irritation of the stomach or gut. Less frequent adverse effects include bruising, vomiting, stomach bleeding or inflammation, and worsening asthma symptoms. Rarely, it can result in hemorrhagic stroke, kidney failure, or brain bleeding, especially in people who take a daily dose.

The results were welcomed by Anton Bilchik, MD, PhD, a surgical oncologist who was not involved in this study. He is the Chief of Medicine and Director of the Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Program at Providence Saint John’s Cancer Institute in Santa Monica, CA. However, he informed MNT that these findings must first be confirmed in clinical trials involving human subjects. It is necessary to assess aspirin as an adjuvant to immunotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with more advanced cancers as well as aspirin alone in patients with earlier cancers who are not candidates for these treatments.

The good news is that human clinical trials have begun. To determine whether aspirin can prevent or postpone the recurrence of early-stage cancers, the researchers will work with Ruth Langley, MD, professor of oncology and clinical trials in the MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, who is in charge of the Add-Aspirin clinical trial. According to Langley, who was not involved in the current study, people should only begin taking aspirin on a doctor’s recommendation. A small percentage of people may experience severe side effects from aspirin, such as stomach ulcers or bleeding. She underlined that it is crucial to know which cancer patients are most likely to benefit and to always consult your doctor before beginning aspirin.

New test may predict which IBD patients have higher colorectal cancer risk

New test may predict which IBD patients have higher colorectal cancer risk

Individuals who suffer from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are more likely to develop colorectal cancer. Every one to three years, people with IBD frequently undergo colonoscopies to screen for colorectal cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated that identifying precancerous cells in individuals with IBD can be difficult. A new test created by researchers at London’s Institute of Cancer Research claims to be able to predict bowel cancer risk in individuals with IBD with 90% accuracy. According to earlier studies, individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are more likely to develop colorectal cancer than those without IBD.

Due to the chronic inflammation associated with IBD, which can lead to the growth of abnormal cells called dysplasia and the development of precancerous polyps in the intestinal tract, people with IBD are more likely to develop colorectal cancer, also known as bowel cancer. Currently, a colonoscopy is performed every one to three years to screen for colorectal cancer in individuals with IBD. Nevertheless, prior research indicates that it can be challenging to identify precancerous cells in IBD patients. Researchers at London’s Institute of Cancer Research have now created a new test that they claim can more than 90% accurately predict bowel cancer risk in individuals with IBD.

The study’s senior author, Trevor Graham, PhD, a professor of genomics and evolution and director of the Centre for Evolution and Cancer at The Institute of Cancer Research in London, stated that while individuals with IBD are more likely to develop bowel cancer, there is currently no reliable method to predict that risk. Graham told Medical News Today that the only effective treatment for people who are believed to be in imminent danger of developing cancer is surgery to remove part or all of the large bowel. This procedure may save a life. However, people are undergoing needless surgery that can change their lives because we are currently unable to determine whether a patient actually needs the procedure. However, he added, those whose risk of bowel cancer is deemed low and for whom we do not perform surgery still experience anxiety due to the uncertainty surrounding their cancer risk.

Increased risk of cancer with cellular DNA changes
Researchers discovered that individuals with IBD who had precancerous cells that either gained or lost multiple copies of DNA were more likely to develop bowel cancer. The researchers then used the precise pattern of the altered DNA in the precancerous cells to create an algorithm that would predict the risk of colorectal cancer in the future. According to Graham, individuals with IBD in the UK undergo routine colonoscopies, which involve a camera being inserted up their butt to check for early indications of cancer. A biopsy is a tiny sample of tissue taken if something odd is observed. The test we run on the biopsy is a genetic test. According to him, we have developed a test to predict an individual’s risk based on the genetic signals in their biopsy after comparing the genetic signals of those who did and did not develop cancer.

Test predicts colorectal cancer risk with over 90% accuracy
Graham and his colleagues discovered that their novel test could more than 90% accurately predict which IBD study participants who developed precancerous cells would later develop colorectal cancer within five years. Graham stated, “We hope that by accurately identifying those at risk of cancer, we will be able to provide appropriate treatment.”. Surgery can be used to remove the colon and reduce the risk of cancer in people who are at a high risk of getting the disease. We can spare people who are not at high-risk needless anxiety and care. In clinical trials that we intend to conduct in the future, we must demonstrate that our predictions are accurate for patients to benefit from this, he said.

Although bowel cancer is more likely to strike people with inflammatory bowel disease, most IBD patients do not go on to get the disease. By predicting who is actually at risk, our new test enables all patients to receive the best possible care. To demonstrate that our predictions are accurate in practical situations, we will next conduct clinical trials. In the upcoming years, we hope to be able to administer the test within the NHS.

A less invasive predictive test
Regarding this study, a board-certified gastroenterologist at Providence Saint John’s Health Center in Santa Monica, California, commended it as fantastic, outstanding, and wonderful. The truth is that we frequently perform colonoscopies and biopsies on our IBD patients to check for dysplasia or cells or tissue that may develop into cancer. After that, we must have these conversations with them. Bedford clarified, “What do we do if they do have these low-grade dysplastic cells? Do we remove your colon or do we do more frequent surveillance?

It sounds like the speaker is expressing enthusiasm about a new test for predicting cancer risk in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A test with 90% accuracy could significantly improve clinical decision-making by identifying those at risk for cancer and allowing doctors to target therapy more effectively. This could reduce the need for invasive procedures, which is always a win for patient comfort and safety. Additionally, if the test could be adapted into a blood or stool test, it would make it even more convenient for patients, potentially improving adherence to monitoring and early intervention.
It’s exciting when advancements like this can make a real difference in patient care! Would you like more information on current developments in diagnostic tests for IBD or related cancer risks?

Determining who is at higher risk
It seems like Dr. Nilesh Vora is also highlighting the potential of this study, emphasizing how valuable it would be for gastroenterologists to have a more accurate way of identifying which patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at higher risk for colon cancer. This would help doctors make more informed decisions on how to manage these patients and which individuals might benefit from closer monitoring or more aggressive treatments.

Dr. Vora’s perspective points to the benefit of targeted care by identifying at-risk patients, healthcare providers can potentially avoid unnecessary procedures for those not at risk, while ensuring higher-risk patients are managed more carefully. This kind of approach could streamline care and improve outcomes for patients with IBD, who already face challenges related to their condition.

It’s fascinating to see how medical fields are working together to improve outcomes for patients, and studies like this really highlight how advances in one area of medicine (in this case, diagnostic tools for cancer risk) can have a ripple effect on multiple specialties, improving patient care overall. Does this kind of collaboration between specialists and new diagnostic tests interest you?

That’s a crucial next step! Getting FDA approval for this test would be a significant milestone. If it’s approved, it could become a standard tool in clinical practice, helping doctors more accurately determine which IBD patients need frequent colonoscopies and which could safely extend the interval between screenings. Reducing the number of unnecessary colonoscopies would not only ease the burden on patients but also reduce healthcare costs and free up resources for those who truly need more frequent monitoring.

The potential for a more personalized approach to care where screenings are tailored to an individual’s actual risk—could be a game changer in managing IBD patients. The idea of offering more tailored and less invasive options for ongoing care could improve patient experience, both physically and psychologically.

If the test proves to be both accurate and accessible, it could help revolutionize the way doctors approach cancer prevention and monitoring for IBD patients. What do you think are some of the biggest hurdles in getting something like this approved by the FDA?

Lenacapavir injection lowers HIV risk by 96%

Lenacapavir injection lowers HIV risk by 96%

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is still a major public health concern. The best pre-exposure prophylactic options and other HIV prevention strategies are of interest to experts. According to one study, giving at-risk people an injection of lenacapavir every six months could significantly lower their risk of contracting HIV. The immune system is impacted by the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV. To stop HIV from developing into acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), people with the virus can take medication.

But there is currently no treatment for HIV. Prevention measures are therefore crucial to HIV-related research. To prevent HIV, pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, entails taking medication. Lenacapavir, an antiretroviral medication commonly used to treat HIV infections, was assessed as a PrEP strategy in a recent study that was published in the New England Journal of Medicine. Lenacapavir injections were more than 96% successful in preventing HIV infection. Additionally, researchers discovered that this option was more effective than the daily dose of emtricitabinetenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Truvada), which is the PrEP option. Lenacapavir use has the potential to significantly increase PrEP options for at-risk groups.

Lenacapavir for HIV prevention: Does it work?
This study was a multicenter, active-controlled, phase 3 double-blind randomized trial. The effectiveness of lenacapavir subcutaneous injections in preventing HIV infection was being investigated by the researchers. The study’s sample was broad and included a variety of groups that are frequently affected by HIV infection. Participants who have not frequently participated in HIV clinical trials were specifically targeted by the researchers. Participants were people who had receptive anal intercourse without condoms with partners who were assigned male at birth. Participants who identified as transgender and gender nonbinary were included in the study, along with cisgender men.

All possible participants were tested for HIV even though their status was initially unknown. HIV-negative individuals were included in PrEP treatment. Researchers randomly divided the 3,265 trial participants into two groups. One group was given emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF), marketed under the brand name Truvada, orally every day, along with a placebo injection every six months.

The other group was given a daily oral placebo and an injection of lenacapavir every six months. Two initial oral loading doses of lenacapavir were also given to the lenacapavir group. Regular HIV infection testing was performed on the participants. In addition to this comparison of medications, researchers examined the background incidence of HIV infection by examining broader data from the population that was first screened.

According to the study, lenacapavir injections were the best way to prevent HIV. Compared to nine participants in the F/TDF group, only two participants in the group of more than 2,100 receiving lenacapavir developed HIV. Lenacapavir’s results were also significantly better than the background incidence estimate. In general, lenacapavir adherence was significantly higher than F/TDF adherence. Researchers point out that there was proof that individuals in the F/TDF group who contracted HIV either stopped taking F/TDF more than a week and a half prior to being diagnosed with HIV, or had poor or no adherence.

Among the 2,179 trial participants who received twice-yearly injections of lenacapavir, there were only two incident cases of HIV infection. This translates to a 96 percent risk reduction in comparison to the estimated background HIV incidence rate among the study population, meaning that 99.9 percent of trial participants receiving lenacapavir for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) did not contract HIV. Furthermore, lenacapavir taken twice a year was 89% more effective than Truvada taken once daily.

Are there any concerns about the study findings?
There are certain limiting factors to take into account in this research. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) halted lenacapavir injections for approximately five months during the trial. As a result, during this period, some participants were unable to receive their initially prescribed regimen. Initially, participants who were scheduled for injections during this period were given either emtricitabinetenofovir alafenamide fumarate (F/TAF) or F/TDF instead.

The FDA lifted the injection hold after a little over a month, allowing participants in the lenacapavir group to receive weekly oral lenacapavir. The results of the study might have been impacted by this. Second, the sample was impacted by the inclusion criteria that the researchers used. The results might have been impacted by the small number of ineligible participants who continued to go through randomization screening and randomization.

Furthermore, not all participants who qualified for randomization were randomized. It should also be noted that adherence to injections was higher than adherence to daily oral medication. Researchers only used a cross-sectional incidence cohort to estimate the background incidence of HIV infection. Regarding this data point, researchers did not conduct long-term follow-up. They also admit that their methodology might have resulted in an underestimation of the prevalence of HIV infection.

Overall, the study found no safety issues with the use of lenacapavir. Researchers do admit, though, that the two lenacapavir-using group members who got HIV most likely developed some sort of resistance as a result of using lenacapavir alone. Future studies may need to address this.

Two-yearly lenacapavir for PrEP is being studied in other populations and regions in non-pivotal PURPOSE trials. These investigations are in progress. Furthermore, open-label lenacapavir is being or has been offered to participants in the PURPOSE 1 and PURPOSE 2 trials, which are investigating twice-yearly lenacapavir for PrEP in cisgender women. We will also keep an eye on those who receive lenacapavir injections. Gilead Sciences, the company that makes lenacapavir, provided funding for the current study.

Twice-yearly lenacapavir could act like an HIV vaccine
This study offers a practical way to shield at-risk people from HIV infection. Because lenacapavir is currently only approved for use by specific individuals with multidrug-resistant HIV, researchers point out that more approval will be needed before it can be used more widely.

Its use might also be hampered by other factors. The main concern with long-acting injectable PrEP is access and affordability, according to Charles Flexner, MD, a professor of clinical pharmacology and infectious disease at John Hopkins School of Medicine and principal investigator of the Long-Acting and Extended-Release Antiretroviral Research Resource Program (LEAP). Although he was not involved in the current study, Gilead has funded his research.

According to recent estimates, it may take years for generic or affordable versions of these medications to become available in low- and middle-income countries, where the majority of new HIV infections worldwide are occurring, even though they are probably available in high-income countries, he said. But according to Flexner, lenacapavir, which is administered twice a year, is becoming as effective as a vaccine at preventing an infection for which there may never be a suitable vaccine.

Lenacapavir administered twice a year is a revolutionary option for HIV prevention among cisgender men and transgender communities, according to the findings of the PURPOSE 2 study. With a 96% decrease in HIV incidence when compared to the background rate, lenacapavir is not only efficient but also novel and covert, assisting in removing major obstacles for marginalized groups that frequently experience stigma and difficulties following daily oral regimens. This emphasizes how crucial it is to include lenacapavir in our HIV prevention plans, especially as the U.S. K. and the global community strives to meet the 2030 UNAIDS targets.

References:
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/lenacapavir-injection-lowers-hiv-risk-by-96#Twice-yearly-lenacapavir-could-act-like-an-HIV-vaccine
https://mygenericpharmacy.com/index.php/therapy,10