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Plant compound in nuts, veggies, and fruit may lower diabetes, heart disease risk

Plant compound in nuts, veggies, and fruit may lower diabetes, heart disease risk

A plant compound found in nuts, vegetables, and fruits that may lower the risk of diabetes and heart disease is polyphenols. Among these, flavonoids (a subclass of polyphenols) are particularly well-studied for their health benefits.

Key Polyphenols and Their Sources:

  1. Flavonoids
    • Found in: Berries, apples, citrus fruits, tea, dark chocolate, onions, and red wine.
    • Benefits: Improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, and support cardiovascular health.
  2. Resveratrol
    • Found in: Grapes, red wine, peanuts, and berries.
    • Benefits: May improve blood sugar control and reduce heart disease risk by improving endothelial function.
  3. Lignans
    • Found in: Flaxseeds, sesame seeds, whole grains, and nuts.
    • Benefits: Linked to better glycemic control and reduced LDL cholesterol.
  4. Ellagic Acid
    • Found in: Pomegranates, strawberries, walnuts, and raspberries.
    • Benefits: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that may protect against metabolic syndrome.

How They Help:

  • Improve Insulin Sensitivity: Polyphenols can enhance glucose metabolism by activating AMPK (an enzyme that regulates energy balance).
  • Reduce Inflammation: They lower oxidative stress and inflammatory markers like CRP and TNF-α.
  • Support Heart Health: Improve endothelial function, reduce blood pressure, and lower LDL cholesterol.

Evidence:

  • A 2020 study in Nutrients found that high polyphenol intake was associated with a 30% lower risk of type 2 diabetes.
  • Research in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition showed that flavonoids reduced heart disease risk by 20% in high consumers.

Practical Tips:

  • Eat a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables daily.
  • Include nuts (like almonds and walnuts) and seeds (flaxseeds, chia) in your diet.
  • Opt for dark chocolate (70%+ cocoa) and green tea for extra polyphenols.

Reference:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/plant-compound-phytosterol-nuts-veggies-fruits-may-lower-diabetes-heart-disease-risk

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20250603/Phytosterols-in-plant-based-foods-linked-to-lower-risk-of-heart-disease-and-type-2-diabetes.aspx

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9965730

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Can the omega-6 fatty acids found in nuts and vegetable oils reduce the risk of diabetes and heart disease?

Can the omega-6 fatty acids found in nuts and vegetable oils reduce the risk of diabetes and heart disease?

Yes, omega-6 fatty acids found in nuts, vegetable oils (like soybean, sunflower, and corn oil), and seeds can help lower the risk of heart disease and may have a modest benefit for diabetes risk when consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet. However, the relationship is nuanced and depends on overall dietary context.

Heart Disease Benefits:

  1. LDL Cholesterol Reduction: Omega-6s (especially linoleic acid) help lower LDL (“bad”) cholesterol when they replace saturated fats in the diet.
  2. Anti-inflammatory Effects (in balance with omega-3s): While omega-6s are precursors to some pro-inflammatory molecules, they also have anti-inflammatory effects when not consumed in excess. The key is maintaining a healthy omega-6 to omega-3 ratio (ideally around 4:1 or lower).
  3. Blood Pressure & Vascular Health: Some studies suggest omega-6s support healthy blood vessel function.

Diabetes Risk:

  • Some research links higher omega-6 intake (especially from plant sources) to improved insulin sensitivity and lower type 2 diabetes risk, possibly due to reduced inflammation and better lipid metabolism. However, evidence is less consistent than for heart disease.

Caveats:

  • Source Matters: Omega-6s from whole foods (nuts, seeds) are more beneficial than from processed oils in fried or ultra-processed foods.
  • Balance with Omega-3s: Excessive omega-6 intake without enough omega-3s (from fish, flaxseeds, walnuts) could promote inflammation in some individuals.
  • Avoid Overprocessing: Heating vegetable oils at high temps (e.g., deep frying) can oxidize fats, potentially harming health.

Replacing saturated fats (like butter, fatty meats) with omega-6-rich plant oils and nuts is linked to better heart health and possibly reduced diabetes risk. However, focus on whole-food sources and maintain a balanced diet with adequate omega-3s.

Reference:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/omega-6-fatty-acids-nuts-vegetable-oils-may-lower-heart-disease-diabetes-risk

https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/no-need-to-avoid-healthy-omega-6-fats

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8924827

Medications that have been suggested by doctors worldwide are available on below link

https://mygenericpharmacy.com/category/disease/diabetes

Medical Myths: All about cholesterol

Medical Myths: All about cholesterol

Among all the substances found in our bodies, cholesterol is arguably the most well-known. Even though everyone is familiar with this fatty substance, there is a lot of misinformation about it. We shed some light on cholesterol in this article.

Since cholesterol is a necessary part of animal cell membranes, all animal cells synthesize it. Despite its unfavorable reputation, cholesterol is necessary for life. On the other hand, high blood levels of it raise the risk of cardiovascular disease. Plaques containing cholesterol and other materials, like fat and calcium, accumulate on the artery walls. This causes the blood vessels to narrow over time, which can result in complications like heart attacks and strokes.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that 13% of Americans who were 20 years of age or older had high cholesterol in 2015–2016. According to estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO), elevated cholesterol levels cause 26 million deaths annually. It is not surprising that there is a lot of false information regarding cholesterol given its prevalence. So, to help us separate fact from fiction.

All cholesterol is bad
As indicated in the introduction, cholesterol is an essential part of membranes found in cells. In addition to playing a structural role in membranes, it is essential for the synthesis of bile acid, vitamin D, and steroid hormones. Therefore, even though high cholesterol raises the risk of disease, without cholesterol, life would not be possible.

Cholesterol is not harmful. In today’s modern world, an innocent bystander is being mistreated. Because our bodies were not made to survive in an environment where food was abundant, excess cholesterol will be stored in our bodies. And our blood vessels are frequently that deposit center, which is when it becomes harmful to us. In addition to its physiological roles, cholesterol’s mode of transportation influences whether or not it is harmful to health.

Lipoproteins are molecules made of protein and fat that transport cholesterol throughout the body. There are two primary methods of this transport. From the liver, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) transports cholesterol to cells, where it is utilized in a variety of functions. Because elevated blood levels of LDL cholesterol raise the risk of cardiovascular disease, people sometimes refer to LDL cholesterol as bad cholesterol. Since high-density lipoprotein (HDL) returns cholesterol to the liver, it is frequently referred to as good cholesterol. Once there, the body expels cholesterol, lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease.

I am a healthy weight, so I can’t have high cholesterol
Yes, you can, as Dr. Greenfield says. In actuality, our genetic makeup and the food we eat determine our cholesterol balance. For instance, a person may have a genetic predisposition to process cholesterol inefficiently from birth. He clarified that it has been dubbed familial hypercholesterolemia and that its frequency may be as high as 1 in 200 due to its genetic nature. Your genetic metabolism and the ratio of calories burned to calories consumed play a bigger role in weight. Dr. Paz agreed: Your cholesterol can be abnormal even if you have a healthy weight. The foods you eat, how much alcohol you drink, how much you smoke, and how often you exercise all have an effect on your cholesterol.

Furthermore, as Dr. Lajoie informed us, some overweight individuals may not have high cholesterol, while others who maintain a healthy weight may. She clarified that a person’s diet, exercise, sleep patterns, thyroid function, medications, and genetics all influence their cholesterol levels. She went on, Your age and your genetics are two more factors that can contribute to high cholesterol but that you cannot modify.

I would have symptoms if I had high cholesterol
This is an additional myth. According to Dr. Paz, high cholesterol typically doesn’t cause any symptoms. For this reason, it is advised to have blood tests regularly to check for high cholesterol. Your unique risk factors dictate when you should begin screening and how often.

When excessive cholesterol accumulation causes heart and blood vessel damage and blockage, the only symptoms that cholesterol can be linked to are the late symptoms. Angina (chest pain), a heart attack, or even abrupt death result from this. Dr. Lajoie reaffirmed that elevated cholesterol causes silent plaque accumulation in arteries, which worsens over time and can result in heart attacks or strokes.

If I eat lots of cholesterol, I will have high cholesterol levels
This subject is a little trickier to understand than one might think. According to Dr. Lajoie, cholesterol levels are not always directly correlated with the amount of cholesterol one consumes. Even if a person doesn’t consume much cholesterol, eating sugars or simple carbs can raise their blood pressure. She added, Compared to sedentary people, those who exercise are less likely to see elevations in cholesterol from eating cholesterol.

Our cholesterol levels will almost certainly rise if we eat more cholesterol. He gave the following explanation for this: You buy red meat, cheeses, and eggs at the grocery store, but you don’t go buy a package of cholesterol. Red meat has cholesterol and saturated fat. Since cholesterol is derived from animals, eating foods high in saturated fat will raise cholesterol overall as well as the bad, or LDL, cholesterol, which is then deposited in the arterial walls of our blood vessels.

Everyone should aim for the same cholesterol targets
Dismissed! According to Dr. Paz, your target cholesterol level depends on your risk of heart attack and stroke, which is determined by factors like age and high blood pressure, as well as whether you have a history of these conditions. That is untrue, according to cholesterol guidelines released by the National Lipid Association, the American College of Cardiology, and the American Heart Association (AHA). He went on to say that the LDL cholesterol, or bad cholesterol, should be less than 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl) for those of us who have not experienced any cardiovascular issues. However, the LDL cholesterol target should be less than 70 mg/dl, if not lower, if you have a history of heart attacks, strokes, or other arterial vascular diseases, and especially if you have diabetes.

Only men need to worry about cholesterol levels
Despite being a persistent myth, this is untrue. Dr. Paz clarified: The CDC reports that between 2015 and 2018, the incidence of elevated total cholesterol in the U.S. adult population was 11.4 percent. In comparison to women, men were more likely than women to have high total cholesterol (10.5% versus 12.1%). Dr. Greenfield concurred that heart disease is an equal opportunity employer. He clarified that women start to accelerate their risk of heart disease and develop the same risk as men after losing the protective effects of estrogens. In actuality, more female heart attacks than male heart attacks are reported each year because women typically develop heart disease later in life and live longer. He also informed us that women are far more likely to die from heart disease than from breast cancer and that when they do suffer a heart attack, their prognosis is typically worse.

There’s nothing I can do about my cholesterol level
Fortunately, this is not accurate. Dr. Paz states that in addition to taking cholesterol-lowering drugs, you can lower your cholesterol by eating a healthy weight, exercising, quitting smoking, and consuming moderate amounts of alcohol. Dr. Greenfield concurred that there is a lot that can be done with an abnormally high cholesterol level. The first steps are always diet and exercise, and they are still very important. Statins are safe and highly effective at lowering cholesterol. The more recent statins have been around since 1987 and are thought to be safer, more effective, and have fewer side effects. And science is still coming up with new ideas. According to Dr. Greenfield, more recent injectable PCSK-9 inhibitors have also been demonstrated to significantly reduce cholesterol to previously unheard-of levels.

I take statins, so I can eat what I want
Dr. Greenfield started, Wouldn’t that be nice if it were true, but it’s not. You will put on weight if you overindulge in food and calories. Excessive weight gain, particularly around the abdomen, can lead to the development of metabolic syndrome, a prediabetic state. He went on: Statins do not help people lose weight. It is your responsibility to treat your body with respect, which includes what you eat, and your job to lower the bad LDL cholesterol.

I’m under 40, so I don’t need to have my cholesterol checked
Dr. Paz clarified that many, advise screening for elevated cholesterol as early as age 20, despite some disagreement regarding the optimal age to begin. Dr. Greenfield agreed the longer blood in your blood vessels has an excessively high cholesterol content, the higher your chance of developing cardiovascular disease in later life. According to the recommendations, a person’s first cholesterol test should be taken when they are a teenager, and if there is a strong family history, it should be taken earlier. He informed us that people with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia should have their cholesterol checked starting at age 2.

Dr. Greenfield summarized her remarks as follows: I encourage my patients to ask questions and to do research on their medical conditions. But please be advised that a good portion of the polluted content is inaccurate and deceptive. He went on to visit reliable websites and trust the research presented by individuals who have devoted their lives to the treatment of heart disease.. Furthermore, anything that seems too good to be true or nonsensical is most likely not. Handle your body with reverence, not as if it were a theme park!

Reference:
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/medical-myths-all-about-cholesterol?utm_source=ReadNext#The-take-home-message

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Medical Myths: All about stroke

Medical Myths: All about stroke

In this part of our series on medical myths, we explore common misconceptions regarding stroke. We address a number of common misconceptions, including whether a stroke is a heart condition and what to know about ministrokes and paralysis.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 610,000 Americans have their first stroke out of the over 795,000 who experience one each year in the United States. With 11 percent of deaths worldwide in 2019, stroke was the second most common cause of death. Stroke comes in three primary forms. The first type of stroke is the most prevalent, making up 87% of cases. It happens when an artery supplying the brain with oxygen loses its ability to carry blood. The second type of stroke is known as a hemorrhagic stroke, which is brought on by a brain artery burst that subsequently injures nearby tissues.

A transient ischemic attack (TIA), referred to as a ministroke, is the third stroke category. It occurs when there is a brief interruption in blood supply to the brain, usually lasting no longer than five minutes. Despite being extremely common, stroke is frequently misinterpreted. We consulted with Dr. Rafael Alexander Ortiz, chief of Neuro-Endovascular Surgery and Interventional Neuro-Radiology at Lenox Hill Hospital, to clear up misconceptions and deepen our understanding of the subject.

Stroke is a problem of the heart
Strokes occur in the brain, not the heart, although cardiovascular risk factors are linked to stroke risk. Dr. Ortiz told MNT that some people believe that heart problems are the cause of stroke. That’s not correct. A stroke is not a heart issue; rather, it is a brain issue brought on by an obstruction or rupture of cerebral arteries or veins. Heart attacks, which are brought on by a blockage in the blood supply to the heart rather than the brain, are sometimes confused with strokes.

Stroke is not preventable
According to Dr. Ortiz, the most prevalent risk factors [for stroke] are high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, obesity, diabetes, head or neck trauma, and cardiac arrhythmias. A lot of these risk factors are modifiable through lifestyle choices. Regular exercise and a balanced diet help lower risk factors like diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, and obesity. Stress and alcohol use are two more risk factors. A person’s chance of stroke may be decreased by making efforts to lessen or eliminate these lifestyle factors.

Stroke does not run in families
A person’s risk of stroke is increased by single-gene diseases like sickle cell disease. The risk of stroke may also be indirectly increased by genetic factors, such as an increased propensity for high blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors. Unhealthy lifestyle choices are likely to raise the risk of stroke in family members since families frequently share environments and lifestyles, particularly when combined with genetic risk factors.

Stroke symptoms are hard to recognize
The most common symptoms for stroke form the acronym F.A.S.T.
F: face dropping, when one side of the face becomes numb and produces an uneven smile
A: arm weakness, when one arm becomes weak or numb and, when raised, drifts slowly downward
S: speech difficulty, or slurred speech
T: time to call 911
Other symptoms of stroke include: The symptoms may include numbness or weakness in one or both eyes; confusion; trouble speaking or understanding speech; difficulty walking, including dizziness, loss of balance, and coordination; and severe headaches without a known cause.

Stroke cannot be treated
Dr. Ortiz clarified that there is a false belief that strokes are incurable and untreatable. Many stroke patients can have their symptoms reversed by emergency treatment with a clot-busting drug injection, minimally invasive mechanical thrombectomy for clot removal, or surgery, he noted. This is especially true if the patient arrives at the hospital early enough for the therapy (within minutes or hours since the onset of the symptoms). The chance of a positive result decreases with the duration of the symptoms. As a result, it’s imperative that at the first sign of a stroke, ie. He went on, “If you’re having problems speaking, double vision, paralysis, numbness, etc., call 911 to send an ambulance to the closest hospital.”. Additionally, studies reveal that people who visit within three hours of the onset of symptoms usually experience less disability three months later than people who arrive later.

Stroke occurs only in the elderly
One major risk factor for stroke is age. After age 55, the risk of stroke doubles every ten years. Strokes, however, can happen at any age. According to a study that looked at medical data, 34% of stroke hospitalizations in 2009 involved people under the age of 65. According to a 2013 review, young adults and adolescents account for 15% of all ischemic stroke cases. The most prevalent co-existing conditions in this age group, according to the researchers, were lipid disorders, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and tobacco use all stroke risk factors.

All strokes have symptoms
Not every stroke has symptoms, and some studies indicate that strokes without symptoms occur far more frequently than strokes with symptoms. According to one study, of the approximately 11 million strokes that occurred in 1998, 770,000 had symptoms, while nearly 11 million did not. Evidence of these so-called silent strokes appears on MRI scans as white spots from scarred tissue following a blockage or ruptured blood vessel. When patients undergo MRI scans for symptoms like headaches, cognitive problems, or dizziness, silent strokes are frequently discovered. Even though they don’t have any symptoms, they should be treated in the same way as strokes that do. People who have silent strokes are more vulnerable to dementia, cognitive decline, and subsequent symptomatic strokes.

A ministroke is not so risky
According to Dr. Ortiz, the term “ministroke” has been misused because some people believe it to refer to small, low-risk strokes. That is untrue because a ministroke is actually a transient ischemic attack (TIA). This is not a minor stroke; rather, it is a warning sign that a major stroke could happen. He continued, “Any acute stroke symptom, whether temporary or persistent, requires emergency workup and management to prevent a devastating large stroke.

Stroke always causes paralysis
A stroke is one of the most common causes of permanent disability; however, not all stroke victims will become paralyzed or weak. Studies reveal that more than half of stroke survivors 65 and older have decreased mobility as a result of their stroke. However, many variables, including the location and extent of brain tissue damage, affect how a stroke affects a person in the long run. For instance, harm to the left brain will impact the right side of the body and vice versa. Effects of a stroke that happens on the left side of the brain might include memory loss, speech and language difficulties, paralysis on the right side of the body, and slow, cautious behavior. Paralysis may also happen, but on the left side of the body, if it impacts the right side of the brain. Other side effects could be memory loss, rapid and curious behavior, vision issues, or both.

Stroke recovery happens fast
After a stroke, recovery may take several months or even years. Many, though, might not fully recover. According to the American Stroke Association, of those who survive a stroke, 10% will recover almost completely, 10% will need care in a long-term facility or nursing home, 25% will recover with minor impairments, and 40% will experience moderate to severe impairments. Research indicates that there may be a critical window of 2-3 months following the onset of the stroke, during which intensive motor rehabilitation is more likely to result in recovery. During this time, some people might also be able to recover on their own. Although they are likely to occur much more slowly, improvements are still possible after this window and the 6-month point.

REFERENCES:
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/medical-myths-all-about-stroke?utm_source=ReadNext#10.-Stroke-recovery-happens-fast

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Low magnesium levels lead to an increased risk of chronic diseases.

Low magnesium levels lead to an increased risk of chronic diseases.

Because it lowers the risk of DNA damage and chronic degenerative disorders, a diet high in magnesium is beneficial for human health according to a recent Australian study. Researchers at the University of South Australia examined blood samples from 172 middle-aged adults. They discovered a significant correlation between elevated levels of the genotoxic amino acid homocysteine and low magnesium levels. Because of the harm this toxic combination causes to the body’s genes, individuals are more vulnerable to diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, cancers, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and other illnesses. Foods high in magnesium, such as whole grains, dark green leafy vegetables, nuts, beans, and dark chocolate, support the body’s ability to create energy, maintain healthy teeth and bones, control blood pressure and sugar levels, and support the healthy operation of the heart, muscles, and kidneys.

A low magnesium intake (less than 300 mg per day), according to UniSA molecular biologist Dr. Permal Deo, can raise the risk of many diseases; however, its function in preventing DNA damage in humans has not yet been thoroughly investigated. According to co-author Professor Michael Fenech, a persistent magnesium deficiency is likely to impair the body’s capacity to generate energy and power cells, hastening the aging process of tissue and increasing the risk of developing some diseases at an earlier age. The fourth most common mineral in the human body is magnesium. It is needed as a co-factor by over 600 enzymes and as a trigger for nearly 200 vital bodily functions. Finding the ideal magnesium dietary intake—whether from food or supplements and how it might affect the development or course of cancer and other chronic illnesses are the next steps, according to Prof. Fenech.

Even after controlling for age and gender, our research revealed a clear link between elevated DNA damage and blood magnesium levels below 18 mg/L. Measurements of blood levels of magnesium, homocysteine (Hcy), folate, and vitamin B12 revealed a positive correlation between magnesium and vitamin B12 and an inverse relationship between magnesium and Hcy.

This suggests that homocysteine toxicity, which is exacerbated in cases of folate and vitamin B12 deficiency, increases the levels of magnesium in the blood to dangerous levels. Symptoms of magnesium deficiency include tremors, twitches, and cramping in the muscles. In severe cases, a deficiency may even result in convulsions or seizures. Researchers think that these symptoms are brought on by increased calcium entry into nerve cells, which causes the muscle nerves to become overexcited or hyper-stimulated.

Numerous symptoms, such as hypocalcemia, hypokalaemia, and cardiac and neurological problems, can be brought on by magnesium deficiency. The body uses magnesium for numerous functions in every organ and cell, and a chronic low magnesium state has been linked to some chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and osteoporosis. We frequently hear less about magnesium and more about other electrolytes like calcium, potassium, and sodium.

However, magnesium, like these other electrolytes, is essential to our metabolism and general well-being. It is particularly crucial for the heart’s electrical conduction system and nervous system. Hypomagnesemia, or low or inadequate magnesium levels, can result in some issues. Certain ones are more severe than others. We’ll talk about this condition’s symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment here. Different body parts may experience a variety of symptoms due to low magnesium levels. Numerous symptoms are related to issues with electrical conduction in the heart and nervous system.

Hypomagnesemia can cause a variety of symptoms, such as weakness, exhaustion, tremors or twitches in the muscles, cramping in the heart, palpitations or arrhythmias, numbness, seizures, confusion, or mood swings. Low magnesium is frequently linked to low levels of other crucial electrolytes. Particularly common are low calcium and potassium levels. This is because there are common causes for low levels of these electrolytes. Magnesium is necessary for every organ in the body, but it is especially important for the heart, muscles, and kidneys. It also plays a role in the synthesis of bones and teeth. Many processes in the body require magnesium. This encompasses the bodily chemical and physical processes known as metabolism that transform or utilize energy. Low magnesium can cause symptoms to appear when the body’s magnesium levels fall below normal.

REFERENCES:

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000315.htm
https://www.goodrx.com/conditions/magnesium-deficiency/hypomagnesemia-magnesium-deficiency
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/magnesium-deficiency-symptoms#twitches-cramps

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Most people with heart disease consume excessive amounts of sodium, study finds

Most people with heart disease consume excessive amounts of sodium, study finds

Many people, especially those who should limit their intake due to heart health concerns, consume more sodium than is advised daily. This is supported by a recent study that discovered individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) were ingesting more than twice as much sodium per day 1,500 mg—as is advised. The study participants consumed an average of 3,096 mg of sodium daily, with 89% consuming more than the recommended amount. The results will be presented from April 6–8 at the Annual Scientific Session of the American College of Cardiology. The findings are still pending publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

The American Heart Association (AHA) advises adults without a history of heart disease or those not suspected of being at risk to consume no more than 2,300 mg of sodium daily. This is roughly the same as one teaspoon of table salt. This study’s average heart disease patient was over 1,000 mg above that threshold. 3,170 participants in the NHANES study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control provided data for the study. Men and women with a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease who were older than 20 were included in this sample. White people 65 years of age or older with less education than a high school diploma made up the bulk of this group. With an average daily calorie intake of 1,862, males, who made up slightly more than half of the subjects (56.4%), were overweight. Although it’s commonly believed that having fewer food options leads to excessive sodium consumption, this study challenges that theory.

Those with a college degree or above and those at the higher end of the income spectrum consumed the most sodium. The unexpected findings may have been influenced by the fact that people with greater incomes and educational backgrounds may have been more accurate in disclosing their sodium consumption, according to the study’s authors. Sodium chloride is the chemical name for table salt. In trace amounts, sodium, a naturally occurring mineral, is essential to human health. According to cardiologist Jayne Morgan, MD, clinical director at Piedmont Healthcare Corporation in Atlanta, GA, sodium helps to balance the water in your body. It even helps to maintain the healthy operation of nerves and muscles.

Your body’s blood volume rises as a result of salt. High blood pressure is the result of this. Due to the increased cardiac workload caused by the elevated blood pressure, you may eventually develop heart disease. Atherosclerosis and the hardening and stiffening of the arteries have long been associated with excess sodium, according to Dr. Morgan. Numerous studies have examined the reasons behind the widespread desire for salt.

According to registered dietitian nutritionist Michelle Routhenstein, MNT, “the consistent overconsumption of sodium across the socioeconomic spectrum suggests that factors beyond just access to resources may influence sodium intake.”. Routhenstein did not work on the project. According to Routhenstein, this might imply the marketing and general availability of processed foods that are easily accessed and high in sodium, cultural eating habits that value salty foods, and a lack of knowledge or instruction regarding the health risks connected to consuming excessive amounts of sodium.

This is a powerful illustration of how common the Western diet is and how much people crave salt and “flavor.”. It also illustrates how simple and readily available sodium is in a lot of grocery items, even when purchasing ‘healthy’ alternatives. According to her, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) could establish a uniform food rating system that would enable everyone to know where a given food choice falls on a health spectrum. At that point, the customer can make an informed choice. The first step in lowering sodium consumption is to monitor your salt intake, but it can be challenging to determine how much sodium you’re really taking in.

Sodium is used in many food products for purposes other than just adding flavor. It has multiple uses, including baking, thickening, curing meat, retaining moisture, and serving as a preservative. A lot of sodium-rich foods don’t even taste salty. According to Routhenstein, people may unintentionally consume excessive amounts of sodium if they don’t actively read food labels and pay attention to sodium levels. Before even thinking about using a salt shaker, people might not be aware of how much sodium is in their food, according to Routhenstein. For instance, the recommended sodium intake for people with heart disease can be exceeded by the 2,000 mg or more found in a typical restaurant meal.

Using fresh ingredients when cooking at home, selecting low-sodium options, incorporating herbs and spices for flavor, reading labels, and being aware of hidden sodium in processed foods are all good ways to reduce your intake of sodium through diet. While eating out, people can choose heart-healthier, lower-sodium options by asking for dressings and sauces to be served on the side, choosing grilled or steamed food over fried, and asking for meals to be prepared without added salt. While [you’re] still enjoying delicious meals, these small changes can make a big difference in your overall sodium intake reduction. Routhenstein offered a variety of flavor-retaining salt substitutes, such as a small amount of lemon or grapefruit juice added to recipes.

Citrus fruits’ tart flavor can fool the palate into thinking food has more salt than it actually does, keeping food tasty even when it contains less sodium. Furthermore, Routhenstein promoted spiciness; add hot sauce or chili peppers to your food based on your personal preferences. You could also use a shaker of your favorite powder, like oregano or garlic powder, in place of the tabletop salt shaker (not garlic salt, which contains sodium). Seasonings such as Dijon mustard, whole grain mustard, or dry mustard powder can give dressings, marinades, and sauces tang and depth. According to Routhenstein, adding mustard to rubs, sandwich spreads, and vinaigrettes provides a tasty variation without using a lot of sodium.

REFERENCES:
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/most-people-with-heart-disease-consume-too-much-sodium#Common-substitutes-for-salt
https://www.acc.org/About-ACC/Press-Releases/2024/04/01/21/46/majority-of-people-with-heart-disease-consume-too-much-sodium
https://www.healthday.com/health-news/cardiovascular-diseases/most-folks-with-heart-disease-consume-too-much-salt

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Weight loss drug Wegovy gains FDA approval to reduce heart disease risk

Weight loss drug Wegovy gains FDA approval to reduce heart disease risk

The semaglutide drug Wegovy was approved by the FDA on March 8 to help lower the risk of heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascular death in adults with heart disease who are obese or overweight. According to the indication, semaglutide should be used in conjunction with a lower-calorie diet and more exercise. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) first authorized semaglutide in 2017 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults. The FDA approved Novo Nordisk’s semaglutide drug Wegovy in 2021 for the treatment of obesity and overweight adults who also have at least one weight-related condition.

Medication classified as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists includes semaglutide, which was first created to treat type 2 diabetes. Since then, the use of GLP-1 medications to treat weight loss has skyrocketed. Researchers have looked into the effects of semaglutide on cardiovascular health in recent years. For example, a 2021 study discovered a link between semaglutide and anti-atherosclerotic benefits. According to a 2023 study, semaglutide may help adults with obesity who do not have diabetes by improving cardiometabolic risk factors and lowering the usage of high blood pressure and high cholesterol medications.

This class of medications may help lower blood pressure and cholesterol, two risk factors for cardiovascular disease, by promoting weight loss and weight control. By addressing one component of the metabolic syndrome, you can also improve the other heart disease risk factors, which will ultimately lead to better cardiovascular outcomes. The short answer is that everything is interconnected, and managing weight and blood sugar levels is a major factor in many cases of heart disease. Based on the findings of the SELECT cardiovascular outcomes clinical trial, the FDA has granted a new approval. According to the study, adults with established cardiovascular disease who are overweight or obese and take Wegovy have a 20 percent lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, such as cardiovascular death, non-fatal heart attack, or non-fatal stroke. Furthermore, the trial discovered that, in comparison to individuals who took a placebo, semaglutide use decreased a person’s risk of dying from cardiovascular disease by 15% and death from all causes by 19%.

It is well known that obesity raises the risk of cardiovascular disease on its own. Additionally, patients can lower that risk by losing weight. This study was intriguing because it suggests that these weight-loss drugs have an impact beyond only assisting patients in losing weight. Regretfully, they were unable to address that in this study; however, further research in that field is required. Despite all of our efforts over the past few decades, cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of death worldwide. As a result, we need to keep looking for new strategies to lower the morbidity and mortality rate from this illness. Heart failure and advanced vascular disease, for example, carry a higher death risk than many types of cancer. Cardiovascular disease is a public health emergency, especially when it is linked to obesity. As such, any safe treatment that lowers the risk of death or complications will be highly sought after. When it comes to treating these ailments, there is still a great deal we don’t know.

The way semaglutide medications function is by mimicking the body’s natural release of the GLP-1 hormone during meals by the gastrointestinal tract. This hormone lowers blood sugar levels by instructing the body to produce more insulin. Semaglutide is a prescription drug that is administered intravenously by the patient. It works by increasing the amount of insulin produced by the pancreas and lowering the amount of glucagon produced by the liver. These drugs directly lessen appetite and cravings by acting on the hypothalamus, a region of the brain.

REFERENCES:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/fda-approves-wegovy-to-reduce-heart-disease-risk
https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-treatment-reduce-risk-serious-heart-problems-specifically-adults-obesity-or
https://www.cnbc.com/2024/03/08/novo-nordisks-wegovy-wins-fda-approval-for-heart-health-benefits-in-move-that-could-expand-insurance-coverage.html
https://www.npr.org/2024/03/08/1237133257/fda-approves-wegovy-heart-attack-stroke-risk

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Women with depression face higher cardiovascular disease risk than men

Women with depression face higher cardiovascular disease risk than men

According to experts, inflammation and hormones in the body are two things that can lead to the development of cardiovascular disease. They claim that when it comes to screening for depression, medical professionals should do a better job of looking at both men and women. After receiving a diagnosis of depression, women are much more likely than men to develop cardiovascular disease.
Heart attacks, strokes, heart failures, and atrial fibrillation are all considered forms of cardiovascular disease, or CVD. Women in the United States are twice as likely as men to experience depression, and over 60 million women are thought to have heart disease. According to a recent study, cardiologists might want to devote more time to screening patients for depression. Improved comprehension will enable medical professionals to provide depression treatment that is optimal for men and women, improving the outcomes of CVD for these populations.

Between 2005 and 2022, the study monitored and examined medical claims, examining the rates of depression and eventual diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in over 4 million patients. Men made up slightly more of the study’s participants than women. The mean age was forty-four. Before being diagnosed with CVD, the participant had to receive a clinical diagnosis to be eligible for a depression status in the analysis. Body mass index, blood pressure, fasting cholesterol, and blood glucose levels were among the patient health data. Cardiovascular events included atrial fibrillation, heart failure, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction, or heart attack. Multiple hazard ratios, which simply show a person’s risk of something occurring in men versus women, were calculated by researchers using data.

According to the data, the risk ratio for a diagnosis of depression to result in cardiovascular disease was 1 point 64 for women and 1 point 39 for men. Women were more likely than men to experience depression that directly resulted in heart attacks, chest pain, strokes, heart failure, and other incidents. Researchers acknowledged that there were several obvious limitations to the study. One of the challenges they faced was the inability to obtain precise information regarding the depression symptoms of the participants or the possible impact of COVID-19. Furthermore, because the study was observational in nature, it was unable to prove a link between depression and CVD.

Although heart attacks are more commonly associated with men than women in society and the media, both sexes are equally at risk. For women, however, the odds of surviving a heart attack and receiving treatment are not as good. While she wasn’t involved in the study, Dr. Evelina Grayver, a cardiologist and the director of Women’s Heart Health at Central Region Northwell Health, expressed her happiness that research is finally being done on the topic and pointed out several important points. According to Grayver, Medical News Today, the leading cause of death for women is cardiovascular disease. More women die from it than from lung, breast, and colon cancer combined.

However, because women do not usually exhibit the symptoms of a heart attack, a great deal of them choose to ignore their symptoms. According to Grayver, women are more likely to experience exhaustion, tightness in the chest, and discomfort in the abdomen rather than pain in the left arm or the feeling of an elephant resting on their chest. Women are 20 percent more likely than men to pass away during the first five years following a severe heart attack, according to previous research from the American Heart Association. It also mentions that women were less likely to have a cardiologist visit them in the hospital and to be prescribed drugs like beta blockers and cholesterol lowers.

Compared to men, women are diagnosed with depression twice as frequently. Why is the key question? According to the new study’s researchers, women might have more severe and enduring symptoms. This heightened intensity may have an additional impact on lifestyle choices that raise an individual’s risk of having a heart attack. Women also experience more particular health difficulties during menopause and pregnancy. Hormonal fluctuations have the potential to exacerbate mental health conditions like anxiety, depression, and overall stress. The metabolic syndrome, which includes traditional CVD risk factors like high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity, is also substantially more common in women.

REFERENCES:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/women-with-depression-face-higher-cardiovascular-disease-risk-than-men#Women-and-depression
https://www.hcplive.com/view/women-with-depression-have-greater-cardiovascular-risk-than-men
https://www.hmpgloballearningnetwork.com/site/cathlab/news/women-depression-face-higher-cardiovascular-risk-men
https://www.everydayhealth.com/womens-health/women-with-history-of-depression-may-face-greater-risk-of-heart-attack-and-stroke/

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Early meal consumption can lower the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Early meal consumption can lower the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Eating the first and last meals of the day earlier can help prevent heart disease, according to research. According to them, consuming breakfast before 8 a.m. m. & the final one before 9 p.m. m. can reduce the chance of heart problems. They also say that women experience a greater reduction in risk than men do. A recent study that was published in the journal Nature Communications suggests that eating meals earlier can lower the risk of cardiovascular disease. Researchers examined data from 103,389 adults who took part in the NutriNet-Santé study, with a median age of 42. We obtained medical records through the UK Biobank database. Dietary records included details about the timing of meals and the total number of times an individual ate in a given day. The average follow-up period for the study was approximately 7 years.

The following results were noted by the researchers in relation to meal timings between 8 a.m. m. and nine p.m. Postponing breakfast was linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Cerebrovascular disease increased by 6% for every hour that a delay was allowed to persist. having dinner after nine o’clock in the evening. m. was linked to a 28% increased risk of cerebrovascular illness compared to individuals who ate before 8 p.m. m. There was no discernible extra risk connected to the frequency of eating. Eating an earlier evening meal instead of delaying breakfast was linked to a 7% lower risk of cerebrovascular disease for every hour that was spent fasting at night. The researchers also noted that women were more significantly affected than men by the variations in negative associations with the timing of the final meal of the day. According to research, your circadian rhythms play a crucial role in regulating your appetite and burning calories, as stated by Tatiana Ridley, a holistic nutritionist, yoga instructor, and health coach who was not involved in the study.

ccording to her explanation to Medical News Today, circadian rhythms are cyclic endogenous built-in biological patterns that follow a 24-hour cycle and control the timing of physiology, metabolism, and behavior. When your meal timings don’t correspond with your body’s clock, hormones that store fat may be elevated, leading to weight gain. A Circadian Rhythm Diet is based on when breakfast, lunch, and dinner should be eaten. Having said that, I believe that timing meals should be taken into account in relation to our general health. The findings, according to the researchers, are consistent with the theory that consuming one’s first and last meals earlier in the day and fasting for a longer duration at night may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. According to Virginia-based dietician and diabetes educator Caroline Thomason, RD, CDES, who was not involved in the study, fasting is not a one-size-fits-all solution. It is true, in my experience, that some people are not naturally hungry for breakfast. Fasting is a valid approach to eating times, she told Medical News Today, as long as there are no unfavorable effects, like overindulging at night because you skipped breakfast. According to Thomason, the most important advice he gives his patients is to recognize when they are forcing themselves to eat by the clock despite discomfort, extreme hunger, or low energy. For those who don’t naturally enjoy skipping breakfast, research even suggests that it can increase cortisol levels and stress levels.

You limit your eating to specific times of the day when you practice intermittent fasting. According to UC Davis Health, the theory behind this strategy is that by doing this, our bodies will be able to access our fat stores for energy more quickly and effectively. The most direct sources of energy are glucose and carbs; in the absence of glucose, we burn fat. The researchers advise having your first meal of the day by 8 a.m. and your last meal by 8 p.m. m. They did not mention intermittent fasting specifically, but one version of this strategy is skipping meals for a full 12-hour period. According to registered dietitian nutritionist Anne Danahy, who was not involved in the study, numerous studies conducted over the years have found that time-restricted eating, also known as intermittent fasting, has benefits for the metabolism, specifically for insulin, blood sugar, cholesterol, and weight improvements. The fact that this massive study’s results also point to a lower risk of stroke and heart disease is fantastic. According to Danahy, Medical News Today, “I frequently recommend fasting for at least 8 to 10 hours each day.”. It’s as easy as skipping dinner, and a lot of people are shocked at how much just that one small adjustment can improve their mood. A simple strategy to control the extra calories that accumulate from late-night snacking is to fast for eight to ten hours. It frequently results in slightly less weight loss and improved blood sugar regulation. Many people also discover that They sleep better at night when they avoid eating late (as it lessens acid reflux). Danahy also pointed out that a number of studies, including this one, have demonstrated greater advantages to eating dinner earlier and extending the fasting window later in the day and overnight. I concur, but a lot of people find it difficult to implement due to work and family obligations. Front-loading your diet—eating a hearty breakfast and lunch, finishing your dinner with something light (a smoothie, a small serving of protein with vegetables, or soup)—and making an effort to finish by 7 p.m. m. the latest. Naturally, the caliber of your diet also matters, she added. If you eat a lot of junk food while adhering to a rigorous fasting schedule, you won’t experience the benefits. A plant-forward or Mediterranean-style diet is ideal, and you should aim to allow your body to recuperate between dinner and breakfast the following day.

REFERENCES:

https://www.inrae.fr/en/news/eating-meals-early-could-reduce-cardiovascular-risk
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/eating-meals-early-can-reduce-cardiovascular-disease-risk
https://www.healthline.com/health-news/eating-meals-earlier-in-the-day-may-decrease-cardiovascular-risk
https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/news/20240103/timing-of-meals-can-affect-risk-of-heart-disease-study-finds

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How elevated blood pressure and cholesterol raise the risk of heart disease in younger adults.

How elevated blood pressure and cholesterol raise the risk of heart disease in younger adults.

According to a recent study, younger people may be more susceptible than previously thought to cardiovascular issues. They contend that early detection of cardiovascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure and cholesterol, is crucial for young adults. Early lifestyle changes, according to experts, can lower a person’s chance of developing heart issues later in life. Cardiovascular problems are not limited to the elderly. A recent study suggests that younger adults may be more susceptible to the effects of high blood pressure and cholesterol, two common modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, and may also be at a higher risk of developing artery-narrowing atherosclerosis. The research, conducted at the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) in Spain, comes to the conclusion that people should begin taking care of their cardiovascular health earlier in life. The findings emphasize that younger adults need to aggressively control cardiovascular risk factors, and they were published this week in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. According to researchers, “early cardiovascular risk factor control and surveillance of subclinical atherosclerosis” are essential components of primary preventive strategies.

Early detection of subclinical atherosclerosis and strict control of risk factors may lessen the worldwide burden of cardiovascular disease, according to a statement from Dr. Valentin Fuster, co-leader of the study, general director of CNIC, and chief physician at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York. According to the research team, middle-aged people frequently experience the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis, particularly when their blood pressure and LDL cholesterol levels are even slightly elevated. They added that aggressive management of risk factors starting at a young age can stop the progression of atherosclerosis, something that both the general public and medical professionals should be aware of. The results of this study demonstrate that, in younger individuals, mild elevations in blood pressure and cholesterol have a significantly greater influence on the advancement of atherosclerosis, according to a statement from Dr. Borja Ibáñez, scientific director of CNIC and cardiologist at Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz in Madrid. Few research, according to the team, have looked into how silent atherosclerosis develops over the course of a person’s life in those who are symptom-free, regardless of age or apparent health in middle age.

Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis (PESA-CNIC-Santander study) was initiated in 2009 with close collaboration between CNIC and Santander Bank. Over 4,000 bank employees in Madrid, aged 20 to 39, who appeared healthy, volunteered for a comprehensive, noninvasive examination of their femoral, coronary, and carotid arteries as well as their aorta. Additionally, blood samples were given by the participants for sophisticated proteomic, metabolomic, and genomic analyses. The results of the study, according to the researchers, have significant ramifications for personalized medicine and cardiovascular prevention. It demonstrates the need to start managing risk factors early in life, when arteries are more susceptible to their effects (primarily elevated cholesterol and hypertension). The other major finding of the study, according to cardiologist and study first author Dr. Guiomar Mendieta, was that atherosclerosis, which was previously thought to be irreversible, can be reversed if risk factors are managed early on. Dr. The “incredibly thorough study sends an important message,” according to Samantha Lee, a director of cardiac telemetry at Northwell Health in New York who was not involved in the research, as stated to Medical News Today. She stated that atherosclerosis, which she referred to as “a fancy term for plaque build-up in the arteries,” is more common in people who have high blood pressure and cholesterol for an extended period of time.

According to Lee, this is not a novel idea. What makes this study unique, though, is that by managing your blood pressure and cholesterol at an early age, you can actually eliminate the amount of plaque in your arteries—as observed in 8% of participants. If you put off treating these risk factors, you may lose the chance for your atherosclerosis to get better. Medical News Today was informed by Dr. Rigved Tadwalkar, a cardiologist at Providence Saint John’s Health Center in California who was not involved in the study, that the study indicates early screening for subclinical atherosclerosis may be crucial in identifying individuals who are at risk. Tadwalkar stated, “In light of these results, it would be beneficial for medical professionals to begin evaluating cardiovascular risk earlier on, including during check-ups in early adulthood.”. “This strategy aligns with the notion that the burden of cardiovascular disease can be decreased by aggressively controlling cardiovascular risk factors and implementing early intervention. According to Tadwalkar, the majority of those at higher risk are still older, but the study makes clear that younger people can also develop cardiovascular disease. “Even in young adults who appear to be in good health, proactive strategies are important,” Tadwalkar stated. We are aware that people who have a family history of cardiovascular disease may be at a higher risk, which makes early detection and close observation even more important, especially in light of the development of atherosclerosis.

Dr. Nieca Goldberg is a clinical associate professor of medicine at NYU Grossman School of Medicine and the medical director of Atria New York City. Young people are susceptible to atherosclerosis, according to Goldberg, who was not involved in the study but told Medical News Today that “autopsy studies in young people who have died in car accidents have shown atherosclerosis.”. According to Goldberg, the study’s advocacy for early risk factor intervention is what makes it novel. Genetics indicates that you are predisposed, and leading an unhealthy lifestyle quickens the process. Everyone should strive to reduce their cardiovascular risk factors, and the earlier the better, according to Goldberg. She stated that it is important to promote healthy lifestyles and walk the walk. “It’s critical to address this among schoolchildren by implementing healthy lunch programs and youth smoking cessation initiatives. We must improve the way we communicate with people of all ages. One strategy is to persuade them to see a primary care physician, who can order laboratory tests for glucose and cholesterol as well as assess risk factors like blood pressure and weight, according to Goldberg.

Doctor J. “Generally speaking, CAD (coronary artery disease) risk factors are remarkably modifiable by sustained lifestyle improvements across a vast genetic spectrum,” said Wes Ulm, a bioinformatic scientific resource analyst and biomedical data specialist at the National Institutes of Health who was not involved in the study, to Medical News Today. According to Ulm, “better stress management, meditation, quitting smoking, minimizing alcohol intake, increasing various forms of exercise, moderation of refined sugar and saturated fat intake (and replacing saturated and trans fats with unsaturated fats), healthy weight maintenance, and smoking cessation are all quite effective in nudging the above CAD risk factors in a healthier direction, including in younger people.”. Ulm went on to say that the study might be significant for society as a whole. The significantly lower life expectancy of Americans compared to those in other developed nations, even after accounting for common factors such as genetics, is one of the most important public health mysteries of our time, according to Ulm.

According to him, this is where the mentioned research may have some of its most intriguing and unexpected ramifications because it serves to highlight the significant and frequently underestimated significance of particular structural, geographic, and cultural elements that support particular lifestyle choices. Tadwalkar went on to say that poor sleep quality and sleep apnea are becoming known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. According to him, changing one’s lifestyle to a heart-healthy diet low in cholesterol and saturated fats, getting regular exercise, and giving up tobacco use are all crucial. According to Tadwalkar, “These lifestyle modifications can greatly aid in controlling contributing risk factors like high blood pressure and cholesterol.”. Regular screenings and check-ups are essential for identifying risk factors early on. Additionally, this can assist in identifying those who require pharmacological interventions, such as antihypertensive or cholesterol-lowering medications, in addition to lifestyle modifications.

REFERENCES:

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