Weight loss Pharmacy and Health Blog from myGenericPharmacy.com

Could eating on a time schedule affect my fertility?

April 18, 2023 blogadmin Comments 0 Comment

An increasingly well-liked weight-control strategy is time-restricted eating. This entails eating all of your meals and snacks during that time and fasting outside of it.

Evidence suggests that it may also reduce the risk of metabolic illnesses like diabetes. Some people find that it aids them in losing weight or maintaining a healthy weight.

An unfavorable effect of time-restricted eating on zebrafish fertility was discovered in a recent study. More study is required to find out similar occurrences in humans.

A type of intermittent fasting called time-restricted eating (TRE) emphasizes meal timing rather than calorie intake. It entails sticking to a rigid schedule of eating all of your meals and snacks — often between six and twelve hours each day. And only consuming water and calorie-free beverages outside of that window.

When following a TRE plan, a participant will select the eating window that best fits their lifestyle. By limiting their eating window, many people discover that they tend to eat less. This may make it an easy way to manage their weight. In recent years, the practice has grown in acceptance.

According to studies, TRE has various advantages. People with obesity who followed a 10-hour eating 14-hour fasting schedule for 8 weeks experienced clinically significant weight loss. Also, improvements in fasting blood glucose levels were observed. When obese women followed an 8:16 fasting schedule for three months, similar weight loss was observed.

Results haven’t always been favorable, either. According to a meta-analysis of 43 trials, calorie restriction was the best weight loss strategy, while intermittent fasting had a smaller impact.

TRE was found to have deleterious impacts on the quality of sperm and eggs in zebrafish. These effects persisted even when normal feeding was resumed.

Little impact on physical growth

For the study, the researchers employed zebrafish (Danio rerio), a little tropical fish that shares more than 70% of its genome with people. Zebrafish are tiny, thrive in big shoals in tanks, and reproduce quickly, making them a popular choice for research.

All of the fish had been fed an unrestricted diet before the experiment and were sexually mature. They were then randomly split into two groups by the researchers. One kept up the unrestricted diet, while the other went on a fast. The entire fish was added back to the diet after 15 days, according to the researchers.

The researchers measured the tail fin to determine somatic (body) growth during the 15-day experimental phase and after the animals were allowed to resume unrestricted feeding. They also evaluated reproductive performance, including the quality of the eggs and sperm produced.

The study’s authors discovered no distinction in somatic growth between the fish that had been fed normally and those that had been starved. Female fish, however, exhibited quicker fin growth than male fish after the fasting fish were put back on their regular diet.

Decline in egg and sperm quality

Females that were fasting had fewer offspring overall than those who were eating normally during the fast. However, the distinctions between fed and fasting fish vanished once they started re-feeding.

The quality of the offspring did differ before and after fasting, according to the researchers. Females produced fewer, but higher-quality children when fasting. The number of progeny increased once the fasting females resumed feeding, but their survival rate decreased.

Similarly, there was a decline in the quality of male sperm both during the fast and when feeding resumed.

Thus, fasting appeared to have a deleterious impact on gamete quality in both sexes, and the effects persisted even when normal food was resumed. According to the researchers, when food was scarce, fish focused more of their energy on maintaining their bodies and surviving rather than reproducing.

Similar effect on people?

UEA’s School of Biological Sciences professor and study’s corresponding author, Alexei Maklakov, stated: “Time-restricted fasting is a well-liked fitness and health trend that people follow to get in shape and lose weight,”

Prof. Alexei Maklakov stated, “But the way organisms adapt to food scarcity can affect the quality of eggs and sperm, and such effects could possibly persist after the end of the fasting period.”

Few research on the effects of TRE on fertility and reproduction have been conducted thus far, and the majority of these have involved rodents. The few human investigations, the majority of which had modest sample sizes, created more questions than they did answers.

Studies on humans

An extremely limited window (4-6 hours) for eating was discovered in a recent study to result in lower DHEA levels in obese women. DHEA is a steroid hormone that is crucial for the production of both estrogen and testosterone. Although this study was modest, experts emphasized the necessity for comparative studies in adults who are of a healthy weight.

Although the authors highlighted that there was little data in this area, another evaluation of papers revealed that intermittent fasting may lower androgen indicators in both men and women. This effect might help women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), but it could also have negative effects on men, like a loss of muscular mass.

The University of Illinois at Chicago’s Dr. Krista Varady, a professor of nutrition who was not involved in the study, has written extensively about TRE, She uttered:

Overall, I don’t believe that humans can benefit from these zebrafish research findings. According to findings from TRE studies conducted on humans, fasting has almost no negative effects on either a woman’s or a man’s reproductive hormones.

More study is required

Even though this study was done on fish, the authors claim that the results demonstrate how crucial it is to take into account how fasting may affect human fertility.

The study’s corresponding author, Dr. Edward Ivimey-Cook of the School of Biological Sciences at the University of East Anglia, said:

These findings emphasise how crucial it is to take into account not just how fasting affects body maintenance but also how it affects egg and sperm production.

He continued, “More research is needed to determine how long it takes for sperm and egg quality to get back to normal following the fasting period“.

Every year, hundreds of TRE articles in humans are published. I believe that rather than worrying about what is occurring in other non-mammalian species, we should concentrate on human discoveries. Humans and fish have radically different reproductive processes, making them quite different creatures. If this study had been conducted on people, it would have had a considerably greater impact.

REFERENCES:

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Men & women have different drivers leading to weight gain.

April 15, 2023 blogadmin Comments 0 Comment

According to recent studies, men’s and women’s brains are affected by obesity in distinct ways, possibly necessitating sex-specific treatment methods.

This study investigated differences between males and females with high BMI compared to individuals with a normal BMI by analyzing various types of brain scans in combination with other clinical information. While some brain imaging studies have shown how obesity impacts eating behaviors.

Men and women with high BMI showed differences in particular brain regions, the researchers discovered, suggesting that treating each patient according to sex may be essential in the fight against obesity.

The researchers assert that when investigating obesity, it’s crucial to take gender variations between men and women into account.

To discover sex-specific processes in the brain that cause obesity, the study, which was published in the journal Brain Communications, analyzed data from MRI scans, clinical characteristics, and medical histories. It concluded that men and women experience obesity for various reasons.

Previous studies using brain imaging have demonstrated how obesity impacts eating behaviors; however, few studies have examined various forms of brain imaging to determine how obesity differs in males and girls.

Brain changes related to BMI

The study comprised 105 men and women with a lower BMI and 78 men and women with a high body mass index (BMI) that classified them as overweight or obese.

A measurement of body fat based on height and weight is called BMI. Having a higher BMI does not necessarily mean having more body fat.

Participants answered questions about their personality features, gastrointestinal symptoms, food addiction, childhood trauma, sensitivity to common symptoms including headaches and dizziness, anxiety and depression symptoms, and other topics.

Additionally, they received three MRIs to evaluate the connections between various brain regions as well as the anatomy and function of the brain. The findings demonstrated that high BMI in both men and women was related to distinct alterations in brain connectivity.

According to researchers, this included “changes in many regions of the brain that respond to food or food-associated cues,” which were linked to traumatic early life experiences.

In addition, they discovered that in contrast to men with high BMI, women with high BMI exhibited connection abnormalities linked to higher anxiety and weaker resilience.

Other abnormalities in connectivity found in women with high BMI raise the possibility that women may struggle to link emotions to goal-directed action planning. According to them, women may experience more “emotional overeating” as a result than men.

Additionally, certain brain alterations raise the possibility that high BMI women are more sensitive to the look, smell, and flavor of too processed foods.

Kinds of brain scans

To learn more about how obesity presents differently in the brains of men and women, the researchers used multimodal brain imaging (structure, connectivity, and function) using a data-driven methodology.

Data from 183 subjects, including 78 with high BMI and 105 with normal BMI, were examined for the study.

The researchers gathered information on mood, early life events, and eating patterns using a variety of brain scans and surveys.

They tested their ability to distinguish between participants with high BMI and those with normal BMI, as well as between males and females with high BMI, by utilizing a technique called DIABLO to analyze this data.

Differences between men and women for weight gain

Gupta and her colleagues discovered in a previous study that emotional and compulsive eating appears to have a higher impact on the onset of obesity in women.

Contrarily, men’s eating habits are typically more influenced by their knowledge of gut feelings and visceral reactions, such as those brought on by abdominal discomfort.

According to Gupta in the release, these findings “may be important to focus on emotional regulation techniques and vulnerability factors in designing treatment plans for females with high BMI.”

She and her coworkers warn that this study merely identifies correlations between BMI, clinical markers like anxiety and depression, and alterations in the brain.

To find out whether brain alterations cause an increase in BMI or whether being overweight or obese has unique effects on the brain, more studies, including longitudinal studies, will be required.

This study, according to Dr. Mir Ali, a bariatric surgeon at Orange Coast Medical Centre in Fountain Valley, California, and medical director of MemorialCare Surgical Weight Loss Centre, demonstrates that weight loss is more involved than just what you eat and how much exercise you get.

“Hormones, emotions, metabolism, genetics, and many other factors play a role,” said Ali, who was not involved in the new study. Furthermore, “this study shows that there is a significant difference between men and women, in terms of emotions and eating.”

Continual hunger and overeating

Dr. Gupta observed that changes in emotion-related brain areas in obese women were associated with higher levels of compulsive eating. In contrast, gut and visceral sensations linked to abdominal discomfort and hunger were correlated with brain areas involved in eating behavior and obesity in men.

The article is intriguing for two reasons, according to Dr. Florencia Halperin, chief medical officer at Form, a business that offers medical treatment for metabolic disorders linked to obesity.

First, although the causes are unknown, there are gender disparities in obesity.

Second, obesity has biological roots, and knowing how obese individuals’ brains differ from those of non-obese people may aid in both diagnosis and therapy.

This study implies that we may be able to distinguish between individuals with obesity and those with a healthy BMI using MRI-based imaging tests. The present study, however, has certain drawbacks. Dr. Florencia Halperin explained that because the study was cross-sectional (comparing one group to another group), causality could not be established in any way.

According to Dr. Sarah-Nicole Bostan, director of Behaviour Change Strategy at Signos, the study is “compelling as it bows to the age-old therapeutic question of “what works, for whom, and under what conditions.”

The findings of this article hint towards a more holistic, personalized approach to weight loss that takes into account lifestyle factors, emotional management strategies, and potentially vulnerable characteristics like early puberty, said Kelsey Costa, a registered dietitian nutritionist at MIDSS.

Second, details on the majority of the significant male obesity factors were lacking. Even though this knowledge is crucial, there are still unanswered issues regarding the factors that affect male obesity the most, she continued.

Ways to prevent obesity

According to Ali, whether people are candidates for obesity treatments like a gastric sleeve or gastric bypass surgery relies on criteria outside their sex, like their BMI and other medical issues.

But in his experience, males are more likely than women to succeed with surgical obesity therapies.

According to studies by Gupta and her colleagues, men’s eating behavior may be influenced by gut feelings. According to Ali, “surgery primarily affects the visceral sensation,” such as the feeling of fullness after eating.

Surgery alone may not be as helpful for patients who are emotional eaters because, he explained, “their body may be telling them that they are full, but their emotions are telling them to continue eating.”

However, Ali said that patients’ experiences can vary significantly, with some women recovering well from surgery for years while others might have a weight increase soon after.

Weight loss treatment

Other forms of obesity therapies may be more significantly impacted by the latest study’s findings. Research has already examined how emotional control affects weight loss in both older women and teenagers.

Customizing obesity therapies, however, is not a novel concept. With their patients, doctors already perform such actions, however they consider a variety of other aspects as well as biological sex.

Dr. Ilan Shapiro, chief health correspondent and medical affairs officer at AltaMed Health Services in Los Angeles, who was not involved in the new study, stated, for instance, “It is important to acknowledge each patient’s metabolic system and the social determinants of health.”

“When we address age, gender, mental health, and chronic diseases, it helps us to achieve the best interventional outcome,” he said.

He added that in addition to these aspects, doctors also consider the patient’s nutrition, exercise routines, sleeping patterns, stress levels, and coping mechanisms, and mental health.

There isn’t currently a proven technique for sex-based obesity therapies, according to Shapiro, but “hopefully, in the future, we’ll have more research to create an intervention template for patients.”

A person’s culture or community is another important element that, in his opinion, should be taken into account while developing obesity interventions.

Shapiro cited the example of community health professionals, known as promotors or promotes in Spanish, who can assist Hispanic populations in adopting appropriate weight management practices.

He stated, “As doctors, our goal is to assist patients in establishing healthier and happier lifestyles. Therefore, having medical professionals who are aware of cultural differences will benefit patients’ efforts to lose weight.

REFERENCES:

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Trial Obesity therapy can lead to nausea-less weight loss.

April 6, 2023 blogadmin Comments 0 Comment

Researchers have created a new class of peptides that might offer gastric bypass surgery’s advantages without requiring intrusive procedures. According to recent research, these peptides helped obese rats lose a large amount of weight and lower their blood glucose levels.

The injectable substances minimise eating while also increasing calorie burn, and they do so without the side effects of nausea and vomiting that are frequently associated with modern weight reduction and diabetic medications.

Diabetes and obesity are both major public health issues, with the former being one of the main risk factors for the latter. A good therapeutic option is bariatric surgery, which includes the gastric bypass, gastric sleeve, and gastric band. It can lead to long-term weight loss and even the remission of diabetes.

These procedures, nevertheless, have significant risks, are not appropriate for everyone, and are not easily accessible to the majority of people. Therefore, some researchers propose that a different therapeutic choice would be to treat metabolic problems with medication that mimics the long-term benefits of surgery.

Obesity

According to the National Institutes of Health, obesity and being overweight are chronic illnesses that are widespread in the United States.

These problems can worsen a variety of other medical conditions and are associated with heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.

The following are some of the factors that contribute to obesity:

eating habits, such as consuming meals and drinks that are high in calories but poor in nutrients
sleep deprivation
absence of exercise
Many drugs, including those prescribed for diabetes, depression, or high blood pressure
genealogy and genetics

Overweight or obesity affects over three-fourths of US adults over the age of 20. Obesity affects 20% of kids between the ages of 2 and 19 years.

Body mass index (BMI) is used by medical practitioners to check for overweight and obesity. The formula is: Height squared divided by weight (in kilos) (in meters.) Online BMI calculators abound, one of which is provided by the CDC.

Sood told that he would like future research on weight loss to evaluate both weight loss and body composition. “We just lack sufficient knowledge to determine whether patients taking gut hormone agonists for weight loss are mostly losing fat or a mixture of fat and muscle,” says the researcher (the latter is more likely). To age properly and retain a strong metabolism as we age, losing muscle would be counterproductive.

Gut peptides

Some patients who have had gastric bypass surgery benefit from specific health advantages linked to adjustments in the gut’s hormone output.

The hormones in question, such as peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), signal fullness, curb hunger, and aid in blood sugar regulation.

Targeting GLP-1 receptors in the pancreas and brain, scientists have created medications that seek to mimic these effects.

These medications have been effective in managing type 2 diabetes and weight loss. There is a need for better solutions with fewer side effects because some people are unable to handle the negative effects of these medications, and studies show that roughly half of those who start taking them stop within a year.

Better option

To meet this demand, a group led by scientists from Syracuse University in New York has created a novel peptide. On March 26–30, they discussed their most current findings at the ACS Spring 2023 meeting.

The researchers suggest that an alternate treatment for those with metabolic issues would be a substance that matches the long-term advantages of gastric bypass surgery.

Several strategies have been devised by researchers to alleviate the negative effects of medications that only target one hormone receptor in the stomach. Designing medications to interact with several receptor types is one approach.

In a prior investigation, the group produced a peptide named GEP44 that activates two peptide YY receptors and one glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor.

When this substance was tested on obese rats, it was discovered that the animals that received it consumed up to 80% less food than usual and on average lost 12% of their body weight over the course of the 16-day experiment.

In a recent study, they compared the novel peptide GEP44’s efficacy in treating obesity to that of the medication liraglutide.

According to the study, rats given GEP44 lost more weight than rats given liraglutide. When tested on rats and shrews, GEP44, unlike liraglutide, did not exhibit any signs of nausea or vomiting.

According to the researchers, this might be as a result of GEP44 activating a number of receptors, which might stop the intracellular signalling cascade that results in these symptoms.

Weight loss and high energy expenditure

This study also suggests that the weight reduction brought on by GEP44 is a result of increased energy expenditure rather than just a decrease in food consumption. The manifestation of this rise in energy expenditure can take several forms, including an increase in heart rate, body temperature, or physical activity.

By directing glucose into muscle tissue to be used as fuel and by transforming specific pancreatic cells into cells that produce insulin, peptide treatments like GEP44 not only aid in weight reduction but also aid in lowering blood sugar levels.

GEP44 must be administered numerous times daily to maintain its effectiveness because it has a brief half-life in the body. The team has created a novel peptide, however, that requires only one or two injections per week and has a far longer lifespan.

The researchers discovered that rats treated with this novel molecule continue to lose weight even after the treatment has ceased, which is unusual for medications currently on the market that have been licenced to treat obesity.

“Obesity is obviously an increasing epidemic worldwide,” Dr. Becca Krukowski, professor of public health sciences at the University of Virginia and a non-participant in this study, told us.

What does it implies?

Although these are preliminary results in lab animals, Dr. Krukowski said that “over time, our research may lead to novel drugs that are safe and beneficial for patients.” But before being widely administered, this medication would need to go through the deliberate deliberate slow and thorough multi-stage and multi-year testing process, she warned.

However, if this treatment characteristic was verified in trials with humans, Krukowski continued, “the possible lack of weight regain after ceasing treatment would be extremely interesting.”

Both positive and negative impacts from this research, according to Bishoff, are possible. “The benefits being that patients can take lesser doses of medications that can deliver desired results while reducing nausea and vomiting side effects.

On the other hand, it’s possible that weight loss medications lower caloric intake to the point of malnutrition or deficiency. In the end, additional study will be required, which may take several years.

Although there may be some medical advantages to weight reduction medications, it’s crucial that patients understand they shouldn’t be used as a substitute for a healthy lifestyle. They can be viewed as a tool as opposed to a fix. When controlling weight and diabetes, eating a variety of well-balanced meals, sticking to daily caloric goals, and exercising frequently should always be encouraged, according to Haley Bishoff.

REFERENCES:

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Higher blood caffeine linked to lower fat & type 2 diabetes

March 17, 2023 blogadmin Comments 0 Comment

Researchers looked into how measurements of body fat, type 2 diabetes risk, and cardiovascular risk were affected by a genetic susceptibility to high caffeine levels.

Scientists discovered a connection between less body fat and a higher risk of type 2 diabetes and a higher genetic propensity to higher caffeine levels. The findings need to be confirmed by other research.

The psychoactive chemical that is most commonly ingested worldwide is caffeine. Coffee, tea, and soft drinks are the main sources of caffeine consumption.

According to certain research, caffeine consumption is associated with reduced body mass index (BMI), decreased fat mass, and weight loss. Consuming caffeine may therefore reduce the risk of diseases like type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease that are connected to being overweight or obese.

However, it is unknown how much of these advantages are due to caffeine. According to one study, each additional cup of caffeinated coffee and each cup of decaffeinated coffee taken daily reduced the incidence of type 2 diabetes by 7% and 6%, respectively.

It may be possible to establish dietary guidelines to lower the risk of cardiometabolic disorders by learning more about how caffeine consumption affects their onset.

Recent studies looked into the impact of a genetic propensity for higher blood levels of caffeine. Scientists discovered a relationship between a genetic propensity for greater blood levels of caffeine and a decreased risk for type 2 diabetes.

Slower caffeine metabolism

Data from a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 9,876 people with primarily European ancestry were used by the researchers to conduct this study.

They examined two common genetic variants—CYP1A2 and AHR genes—using the data in their analysis. These genes slow down caffeine metabolism, which means that compared to people who metabolise caffeine fast, those who carry the variations need to drink less coffee to reach increased levels of caffeine in their blood. Moreover, data on body fat, type 2 diabetes risk, and cardiovascular disease risk were gathered by researchers.

In the end, the researchers discovered a relationship between reduced BMI, whole body fat mass, and a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes and genetically predicted greater blood levels of caffeine.

Further investigation revealed that weight loss was responsible for 43% of the protective effect of blood levels of caffeine on type 2 diabetes. They discovered no conclusive correlation between genetically predicted caffeine levels and cardiac diseases such ischemic heart disease, heart failure, or stroke.

Caffeine and weight loss

Dr. Dana Ellis Hunnes, an assistant professor at UCLA Fielding School of Public Health who was not involved in the study and was asked how more caffeine intake may enhance weight loss, said that it stimulates thermogenesis, or heat production, in the body.

When we burn more calories than we consume, we are more likely to lose weight and fat, she said. “Heat production promotes calorie burn.”

Caffeine promotes weight reduction by accelerating the metabolism, according to Dr. Rohini Manaktala, a cardiologist at Memorial Hermann in Houston, Texas, who was not involved in the study.

“This is a dose-dependent phenomenon, meaning that higher coffee consumption results in greater fat and calorie burning, which is reflected in weight loss,” she said. “Caffeine suppresses overeating by stifling a person’s appetite and leading to calorie deficit, which helps to avoid weight gain,” the author writes.

In order to understand how, in addition to promoting weight reduction, caffeine may lower the risk of type 2 diabetes, MNT also spoke with Dr. Mark Guido, an endocrinologist with Novant Health Forsyth Endocrine Consultants in Winston Salem, NC, who was not involved in the study.

He claimed that although there is “mixed” scientific evidence on the subject, caffeine may lower the incidence of type 2 diabetes by changing how the body uses glucose and insulin. Higher blood levels of caffeine, according to the study’s findings, may promote weight loss and lower the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Limitations

Dr. Guido pointed out important flaws in the study. He explained: “It did not appear to look at elevated caffeine levels through food or drink, but rather at naturally elevated caffeine levels in those with a particular genetic propensity. It is uncertain if these results would apply to elevated caffeine levels in food or beverages.

The study, he continued, did not examine how caffeine affected people who already had type 2 diabetes; rather, it focused on lowering the chance of developing it.

The findings, according to Dr. Hunnes, “are not really causative in nature,” as they only examined the impacts of genes as opposed to the “whole person” in a randomised controlled trial.

She said, “It’s kind of like looking at in vitro, or in a test tube, issues and assuming how it will behave in a human.

In order to fully understand the clinical and health impacts of caffeine, Dr. Manaktala continued, “A more substantial randomised control trial would be desirable. Also, the study subjects were of European ancestry. Extrapolating study results to the American population as a whole becomes difficult as a result.

Genome-Wide Association Research Highlights Connections

Larsson and colleagues used Mendelian randomization to analyse data from a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 9876 people with European ancestry from six population-based investigations.

In people having the two gene variations, greater anticipated plasma caffeine levels were linked to reduced BMI, with one standard deviation more predicted plasma caffeine equating to roughly 4.8 kg/m2 in BMI (P .001).

Reports

One standard deviation higher plasma caffeine corresponded to a loss of approximately 9.5 kg in total body fat mass (P .001). The connection with fat-free body mass was not statistically significant, though (P =.17).

The FinnGen project and the DIAMANTE consortia both found genetically predicted higher plasma caffeine concentrations to be linked to a decreased risk for type 2 diabetes (odds ratio, 0.77 per standard deviation increase; P .001) and (0.84, P .001).

In total, there was an increased risk of type 2 diabetes of 0.81 (P .001) for every standard deviation increase in plasma caffeine.

Around 43% of the preventive impact of plasma caffeine on type 2 diabetes, according to Larsson and colleagues, was mediated by BMI.

They did not discover any conclusive links between the risk of any of the examined cardiovascular disease events with genetically predicted plasma caffeine concentrations (ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and stroke).

The thermogenic response to caffeine has previously been calculated as an increase in energy expenditure of approximately 100 kcal for every 100 mg consumed daily, which could lower the risk of obesity. According to the researchers, increased satiety and reduced energy intake are two more potential mechanisms.

They state that “long-term clinical research” studying how coffee consumption affects fat mass and type 2 diabetes risk are necessary. “Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether noncaloric caffeine-containing beverages can help lower the risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity.”

The Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare, Swedish Heart Lung Foundation, and Swedish Research Council all provided funding for the study. None of the purported financial connections between Larsson, Lawrence, and Kos are pertinent.

REFERENCES:

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The natural peptide could help tackle obesity and diabetes.

March 15, 2023 blogadmin Comments 0 Comment

Smaller versions of proteins known as peptides can serve a variety of functions. This includes the potential to lessen the effects of ageing, reduce inflammation, or stimulate the creation of new muscle.

In 2015, scientists made the discovery of a kind of peptide known as PEPITEM and recognized its role in the adiponectin-PEPITEM pathway. It controls the onset and severity of autoimmune or chronic inflammatory disorders.

The potential for this peptide to provide a game-changing treatment for numerous diseases has just been discovered by new study in animal models.

The study suggests that the peptide may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and. Other illnesses are connected to obesity, like fatty liver disease.

Obesity alters the metabolism of adipose (fat) tissue significantly, damages the pancreas, reduces insulin sensitivity, and finally results in hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), which is the primary cause of type 2 diabetes.

It also causes a low-grade inflammatory response throughout the body. This encourages the infiltration of white blood cells into a variety of tissues, including visceral adipose tissue. It is a deep-lying fat deposit that surrounds organs like the liver and gut, as well as the peritoneal cavity, a thin membrane that encloses the gut.

According to a recent study, the adiponectin-PEPITEM pathway connects obesity, the related low-grade inflammatory response, and changes in the pancreas that take place before the onset of diabetes. The study was published in Clinical and Experimental Immunology.

To see if the effects of a high-fat diet on the pancreas could be avoided or even reversed, the researchers used a mouse model of obesity and a slow-release pump to inject the peptide PEPITEM.

When PEPITEM was given to mice on a high-fat diet, the researchers discovered that this significantly decreased the size of the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Also, the quantity of white blood cells in the visceral adipose tissue and peritoneal cavity as compared to the control group.

Small protein impacts some effects of obesity

The adiponectin-PEPITEM pathway, which is important in regulating the onset and severity of auto-immune and chronic inflammatory illnesses, is where the peptide employed in this study plays a part.

Obesity can have a variety of negative impacts on the body. This includes altering the metabolism of adipose tissue (fat), harming the pancreas, decreasing insulin sensitivity, etc. Ultimately causing the high glucose levels associated with type 2 diabetes.

But, it also triggers a low-grade inflammatory response, causing white blood cells to flow into visceral adipose tissue, which surrounds organs like the liver and gut, as well as into the area of the abdomen that houses the intestines, stomach, and liver (peritoneal cavity).

In the latest research, which was released on March 9 in the journal Clinical and Experimental Immunology, mice were administered PEPITEM in addition to a high-fat diet.

The size of the pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin was reduced in mice who received the peptide as compared to those who did not. Also, they noticed a reduction in the quantity of white blood cells in the peritoneal cavity and visceral adipose tissue.

“Our results show us that PEPITEM can both prevent and reverse the impact that obesity has on metabolism,” study author Asif Iqbal, PhD, an associate professor at the University of Birmingham’s Centre of Cardiovascular Sciences, said in the release.

The next step, he continued, is to transform these promising findings into human-useable treatments.

Reversing obesity

Dr. Christoph Buettner, an endocrinologist and professor of medicine at the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School in New Brunswick, New Jersey, told Healthline that experts have known for many years that obesity and diabetes are connected with elevated inflammation.

In contrast, “although in mice various medications that particularly lower inflammation have demonstrated to also reduce obesity and diabetes, in humans—where obesity is also typically related with inflammation—the facts are much less clear,” he noted.

The current study’s findings imply that PEPITEM may be effective in lowering some of the negative consequences of obesity, including the growth of insulin-producing beta cells and the accumulation of white blood cells in particular regions.

Yet, mice given PEPITEM still put on weight when given a high-fat diet. The researchers added that there was “no effect” on fasting glucose tolerance or insulin resistance, both of which are impacted in type 2 diabetics.

“To me, that suggests that this is an anti-inflammatory treatment that is unlikely to have a meaningful effect on either obesity or high blood sugar,” said Buettner.

Aiding in type 2 diabetes prevention

This could “potentially be a useful additional tool for patients regarding the prevention or treatment of type 2 diabetes, especially as related to the decrease in enlargement of the beta cells,” according to Nicole Anziani, a registered dietitian, certified diabetes care and education specialist, and senior clinical manager for Cecelia Health who was not involved in the study.

For the purpose of examining PEPITEM’s effects on obesity, Anziani noted that the mice used in the study were fed a high-fat diet either before or during the administration of PEPITEM.

Anziani emphasised that it’s crucial to recognise that obesity has a complex aetiology, which means it can be brought on by a variety of variables and isn’t always related to a high-fat diet. Moreover, Anziani emphasised that obesity was “more than just a biological phenomenon.”

Discovering the root of obesity

While it’s great that there are more options for patients to help with the biochemical aspects of obesity and preventing systemic inflammation, especially when there may already be pancreatic damage present, Anziani told us that it’s also crucial to acknowledge the behavioural and social aspects related to the development of obesity and other related ailments.

To properly understand these pathways, she continued, “additional research into the relationship between inflammation and obesity is still needed.” “Although this therapeutic strategy is being examined to get to the underlying cause of obesity-related disorders,” she noted.

While stating that “additional studies would be required,” Dr. Bosa-Osario concurred and said that “the findings appear encouraging.”

PEPITEM might be a useful treatment target for additional causes, he added. “While the body can make a bioprotein comparable to PEPITEM, it can be made in a lab and administered to patients. He remarked, “That’s exciting.

Currently authorised effective weight loss medications

Several medications have previously been approved to treat obesity, but more research is required to determine whether PEPITEM will be useful in the management of illnesses linked to obesity, such as type 2 diabetes.

This contains semaglutide, a type of medication known as a GLP-1 agonist (brand names Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus). Those who took semaglutide in clinical trials saw weight loss and a decrease in inflammation. In one trial, participants lost up to 14.9% of their starting weight.

Yet according to Buettner, “it does not imply that [these drugs] function by reducing inflammation” because they aren’t often thought of as anti-inflammatory medications. As an alternative, “they function in the brain to decrease appetite and balance the autonomic nerve system,” he said.

Some medications also have side effects, including nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, and stomach pain. Buettner is therefore concerned about whether people will be able to handle these medications over the long term, which may be necessary to assist people in maintaining a healthy weight throughout their lives.

That’s why other medications to treat obesity are still needed, he added, including ones that function through different mechanisms than GLP-1 agonists and don’t have the adverse effects of those treatments.

According to Buettner, “for now, the tolerance for the adverse effects is still high, but with time, patients may become dissatisfied with the [lower enjoyment of eating food].”

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Benefits and side effects of weight gain capsules.

November 16, 2022 blogadmin Comments 0 Comment

While many people struggle with weight loss, others battle weight gain. There are good and bad methods to go about improving your strength, developing a more muscular physique, or getting back to a healthy weight after a large weight loss. While not completely risk-free, weight gain supplements and pills may be useful in some circumstances. Focus on eating a healthy diet to gain weight and doing the right kind of exercise to help you reach your goals.

Despite common assumption, not everyone desires eternal thinness, and not everyone puts on weight simply by smelling french fries. Some people find it difficult to gain weight, while others simply like to have well-toned bodies.

Whichever group you belong to, the greatest weight gain pills are the perfect option for you. You can easily reach your optimum weight if you use these appetite suppressants to gain weight.

What are weight gain pills?

Medications recommended by a doctor and over-the-counter supplements both fall under the category of “weight gain medicines.” Despite the fact that over-the-counter goods frequently lack scientific support and are largely unregulated, supplements assert that they encourage safe and natural weight growth.

Consult a healthcare professional to assess the ideal weight range for your health and lifestyle if you’re unsure whether you should aim to gain weight. You should also ask them for guidance about weight-gain supplements. Not everyone should take these supplements.

Prescription Medication for Weight Gain

Anabolic steroids are a component of prescription weight-gain medications. If you have lost a lot of weight and are underweight as a result of a disease like cancer or muscular dystrophy, your doctor could think about prescribing steroids to you.

Bodybuilders and athletes may utilise prescription medicines illegally to bulk up and improve performance. There are numerous health dangers associated with the improper use of anabolic steroids, some of which are very serious. You must only use these medications under a doctor’s supervision.

How Medicines cause weight gain?

Weight gain brought on by medications might have various root reasons. Your appetite may be increased by some medications. You eat more as a result, putting on weight. Your body’s metabolism may be impacted by some medications. Your body burns calories more slowly as a result. You might retain water as a result of some medications. Even if you don’t gain more fat, this causes you to weigh more. The way your body stores and absorbs sugars and other nutrients may be impacted by different medications.

You could be less likely to exercise if a medication makes you feel exhausted or out of breath. Weight gain may result from this. Researchers are unsure of precisely what causes the weight gain when taking some medications.

Drugs that could result in weight gain include:

medications for diabetes, including sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, and insulin
Haloperidol, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, and lithium are antipsychotic medications.
Amitriptyline, imipramine, paroxetine, escitalopram, citalopram, mirtazapine, and sertraline are examples of antidepressants.
medications for epilepsy such as gabapentin, valproate, divalproex, and carbamazepine
Prednisone and other steroid hormone drugs, as well as birth control pills
medications that lower blood pressure, such as beta-blockers like propranolol and metoprolol

It’s significant to remember that not all of these types of medications result in weight gain. For instance, the diabetes medication metformin may prevent you from gaining weight. Topiramate, a medication for migraines and seizures, can also aid in weight loss.

Symptoms and side effects.

You may have noticed that since starting your medication, you have put on a few pounds. Sometimes, this takes place quickly. Other times, however, it proceeds more gradually. It’s possible that you won’t realise you’ve put on weight until your doctor tells you about it at an appointment.

You can experience other symptoms, depending on the reason for your weight increase. For instance, it can be more difficult for you to exercise or you might have a greater hunger. Even so, you might not always experience these other signs.

Being overweight increases the chance of developing or makes existing health issues worse, including:

decreased glucose tolerance or diabetes
Arthritis
elevated blood pressure
Heart condition
Stroke
Slumber apnea
liver illness
specific lung diseases
Infertility
specific cancers
psychological difficulties

Your healthcare practitioner will assist you in weighing the benefits and drawbacks of the medicine.

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Know how antibiotics can affect your body weight.

November 11, 2022 blogadmin Comments 0 Comment

It is frequently stated that there is no magic weight-loss medicine. However, a recent University of Chicago study that looked at how the immune system, gut flora, and food. They suggested that the same type of medication used to treat ear infections and strep throat may also be useful in helping us lose excess weight.

According to study researcher of the University of Chicago MD-PhD, the findings point to a potential link between weight gain. Also, the types of bacteria found in the gut, which suggests that in the future, antibiotics that kill bacteria may join diet and exercise in the fight against obesity.

What are Antibiotics?

Antibiotics are potent drugs that treat some diseases and can even save lives. They either kill germs or prevent them from multiplying.

The immune system can usually eliminate bacteria before they grow and produce symptoms. Even if symptoms appear, the immune system is typically able to handle and ward off the infection. This is because white blood cells (WBCs) destroy harmful germs.

However, occasionally there are too many dangerous germs for the immune system to completely eliminate. The usage of antibiotics is appropriate here.

Penicillin was the original antibiotic. Ampicillin, amoxicillin, and penicillin G are just a few examples of penicillin-based antibiotics that are still readily available and have been used for many years to treat a range of illnesses.

Modern antibiotics come in a variety of forms, but in the US, they are often only available with a prescription. Over-the-counter (OTC) creams and ointments contain topical antibiotics.

Antibiotics and weight loss

Our bodies naturally create lymphotoxin, which controls the immune system’s role in promoting the growth of some types of bacteria (specifically, the kind that encourages weight gain) in the stomach. And we consume some bacteria: Probiotics, often known as beneficial bacteria, are an increasingly well-liked addition to foods like probiotic yoghurt and pills.

Probiotics, often known as beneficial bacteria, are an increasingly well-liked addition to foods like probiotic yoghurt and pills.

According to certain professionals, antibiotics may be specifically formulated to encourage weight reduction. Since they can simultaneously boost the growth of some bacteria while inhibiting the growth of other bacteria. However, there are more than 500 different bacterial strains in the intestine, and it is yet unclear which specific strains prevent weight growth. Only then may these bacteria be used to combat fat.

Antibiotics and weight gain

Surprisingly, scientists have been aware that antibiotics contribute to weight growth for more than 70 years. According to a 1955 New York Times article, the pharmaceutical corporation Pfizer actually sponsored a contest among its animal feed salesmen to determine who could put on the most weight. These men got onto a scale in front of a crowd in a hotel ballroom after eating food spiked with antibiotics.

Antibiotics have been linked to weight gain, and this is supported by data as well as anecdotes. Numerous studies all support the same conclusion. For instance, a 2018 study that compiled more than 12 studies involving more than 500,000 kids found that infants who received antibiotics were more likely to be overweight. These weight gains persist into adulthood, according to a more recent study that was published in Nature Reviews Endocrinology.

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What happens when you take Xenical to treat Obesity?

October 15, 2022 blogadmin Comments 0 Comment

Obesity

Obesity is a complex disease characterised by an excess of body fat. Obesity is more than just a cosmetic issue. It is a medical condition that raises the risk of developing other diseases and health issues, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain cancers.

Some people struggle to lose weight for a variety of reasons. Obesity is typically caused by a combination of inherited, physiological, and environmental factors, as well as dietary, physical activity, and exercise choices.

Reports about Obesity

Following are some recent WHO global estimates.

In 2016, over 1.9 billion adults aged 18 and up were overweight. Over 650 million of these adults were obese.
39% of adults aged 18 and up were overweight (39% of men and 40% of women), in 2016.
Approximately 13% of the world’s adult population (11% of men and 15% of women) in 2016 were obese.
Between 1975 and 2016, the global prevalence of obesity nearly tripled.
An estimated 38.2 million children under the age of five were overweight or obese in 2019. Overweight and obesity, once thought to be a problem only in high-income countries, are now on the rise in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in urban areas.
Since 2000, the number of overweight children under the age of five has increased by nearly 24% in Africa. In 2019, Asia was home to nearly half of all children under the age of five who were overweight or obese. Over 340 million children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 in 2016 were overweight or obese.

Causes of Obesity

Obesity and overweight are caused by an energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended. There has been worldwide:

an increase in the consumption of energy-dense foods high in fat and sugars;
and an increase in physical inactivity as a result of the increasingly sedentary nature of many types of work, changing modes of transportation, and increasing urbanisation.

Environmental and societal changes associated with development, as well as a lack of supportive policies in sectors such as health, agriculture, transportation, urban planning, environment, food processing, distribution, marketing, and education, frequently cause changes in dietary and physical activity patterns.

Xenical

Orlistat is a medical drug, available to us under the brand name Xenical that belongs to a class of medication called Lipase inhibitors. This medicine is used to promote weight loss by decreasing the amount of fat that is absorbed in your intestine, generally dietary. It works by breaking the dietary fat into smaller compounds so that it can be used or stored for future energy.

Xenical is available to us in a form of pill that must be taken by mouth with or without food as per your doctor’s prescription. The dosage is based on your medical condition, its response to the treatment, and other medicine that you may be taking along with Xenical. Your doctor may start the dosage low and may increase it gradually after some while. Take the medicine at the same time daily to get the most benefits from it. Do not increase the dosage or take it more often than prescribed. Contact your doctor in case of any confusion or exception associated with medication.

Side effects of Xenical

Common side effects an individual may observe while medicating with Xenical are oily spotting, intestinal gas discharge, several bowel movement disorders, may occur. Inform the doctor if these conditions persist or get worse.

There are some serious side effects which must be informed to the doctor right away if observed such as blurred vision, dark urine, stomach/abdominal pain, eyes/skin yellowing, easy bruising/bleeding, symptoms of kidney stones, etc.

Also, there are some severe allergic reactions involved with this medicine which require immediate medical attention if observed such as severe dizziness, facial itching/swelling, trouble breathing, rashes, etc.

Precautions before using Xenical

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to orlistat or if you have any other allergies before taking it. Inactive ingredients in this product may cause allergic reactions or other problems. More information can be obtained from your pharmacist.

Inform your doctor or pharmacist of your medical history, particularly of:

a digestive problem (chronic malabsorption syndrome),
kidney stones/problems (such as calcium oxalate kidney stones, hyperoxaluria),
an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism),
seizures,
anorexia nervosa/bulimia,
HIV infection,
a gall bladder problem (cholestasis).

Also, inform your doctor or dentist about all of the products you use before having surgery (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).

If you have diabetes, losing weight may help you control your blood sugar levels. Check your blood sugar levels on a regular basis anda report the results to your doctor. Your diabetes medication, exercise programme, or diet may need to be adjusted by your doctor.

This medication should not be taken while pregnant. Weight loss has no potential benefits for pregnant women and may harm the unborn child. Inform your doctor right away if you become pregnant or suspect you are pregnant.

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What happens to your body during Paleo diet?

July 22, 2022 blogadmin Comments 0 Comment

What is Paleo diet?

There are a number of dietary plans that claim to replicate the foods that people may have eaten during the Paleolithic era. This lasted approximately 2.5 million to 10,000 years ago. The Paleo Diet is based on the theory that eating like a caveman could lead to weight loss.

In spite of the fact that it’s impossible to know what human ancestors ate in different parts of the world, researchers believe that they ate whole foods. As a result of following a whole food-based diet and being physically active, hunter-gatherers are thought to have had lower rates of lifestyle diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.

According to several studies, this diet can significantly reduce weight (without counting calories) and improve health.

How it works?

Low-glycemic fruits and vegetables are emphasized by the diet’s proponents. Paleo diet enthusiasts disagree on what foods were available at the time, how diets varied according to region (e.g., tropical vs. Arctic), how modern fruits and vegetables are not as wild as their prehistoric counterparts, and what foods are included/excluded from the diet. Paleo diets differ widely due to these differences.

Paleo diet foods.

Foods to include:

Recommendations vary among commercial paleo diets, and some diet plans have stricter guidelines than others. In general, paleo diets follow these guidelines. The Paleo diet, also referred to as the caveman or Stone-Age diet, includes the following as their foods.

Grass-fed meat:choosing grass-fed is healthier for you, the environment and closer to what our ancestors ate.
Fish and seafood: choose wild-caught
Fresh fruits and veggies
Eggs
Nuts and seeds
Healthy oils: olive, walnut, flaxseed, macadamia, avocado, coconut
Meats and sea foods: Chicken, Salmon, Tuna, Bacon, Turkey, Cod, Beef, etc.

Foods to avoid:

This diet prohibits the consumption of processed foods. Since our prehistoric ancestors hunted-gatherers, not farmers, we can say goodbye to wheat and dairy, along with other grains and legumes (such as peanuts and beans).

There are several other food and products to avoid such as:

All dairy products, including milk, cheese, yogurt, and butter
Cereal grains, such as wheat, rye, rice, and barley
Legumes, like beans, peanuts, and peas
Starchy vegetables, such as potatoes and sweet potatoes
Sweets, including all forms of candy as well as honey and sugar
Artificial sweeteners
Sugary soft drinks and fruit juices
Processed and cured meats, such as bacon, deli meats, and hot dogs
Highly processed foods

Medical results:

The paleo diet has been compared to other eating plans, such as the Mediterranean Diet and the Diabetes Diet, in a number of randomized clinical trials. It appears that a paleo diet may provide some benefits when compared with diets containing fruits, vegetables, lean meats, whole grains, legumes, and low-fat dairy products. The benefits may include:

Promotes healthy blood glucose.
Improved insulin sensitivity.
Lower blood pressure.
Weight management including reduced waist circumference.
Improved cholesterol balance.
Improved satiety.
Lower all-cause mortality.
Lower triglycerides
Better appetite management

Conclusion:

It is possible to lose weight or maintain your weight by following a paleo diet. There may also be other health benefits associated with it. As of yet, no long-term clinical studies have been conducted on the diet’s benefits and potential risks.
If you get enough exercise and eat a balanced, healthy diet containing plenty of fruits and vegetables, you may achieve the same health benefits.

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What are top 5 fruits that helps in weight loss?

July 12, 2022 blogadmin Comments 0 Comment

Getting rid of dessert, which is seemingly ubiquitous, is a big challenge for many people who want to lose weight. Perhaps a coworker brought donuts in for the team or the grocery checkout aisle seems to beckon you with candy bars. In addition, when the holidays are here, all bets are off. Setting goals is like completing an obstacle course.

Achieving weight loss and keeping it off can be a challenge. Since weight loss involves exercise, healthy eating, and giving up a lazy lifestyle, most people struggle to enjoy their journeys. Some people try to lose excess weight and maintain a lean body only through a well-balanced diet. Nutrition, protein, and fibre should be included in your diet. Enjoying your new diet can make weight loss fun.

There is more to losing weight than just eating less or fewer meals. Following a healthy diet is the most effective way to lose those unwanted pounds. Including fruit in your diet is one of the best ways to start a healthy lifestyle.

Weight loss buddy- FRUITS???

When it comes to finding and maintaining a healthy weight, fiber and protein are powerful fillers. You should be eating all that grilled chicken and seared tuna to keep your liver healthy. This is why you have been steaming crispy broccolini and roasting cauliflower. You’ve got some good stuff there.

You might even have heard internet “experts” telling you to stick to lean proteins and vegetables and to avoid fruit because it’s loaded with calorie-laden, waist-expanding sugar. WELL, THAT’S NOT TRUE. Yes, fruits does contain sugar, but it’s not added sugar, the kind which is found in so many processed foods.

Natural snacks such as fruit offer vitamins, fiber, and other nutrients that support a healthy diet. As a result of its low calorie and high fiber content, fruit may also reduce weight loss efforts. Fruits contain minimum amount of fat, which is why they are the ideal addition to your weight loss diet.

Fruits that helps in weight loss

1. Banana 🍌

Banana is one of the most commonly found fruit available almost all over the world. This yellow/green fruit is favourite among gym addicts due to its high-calorie content. This fruit is high in calories and is a great source of nutrient booster.

It is loaded with several essential nutrients such as potassium, manganese, magnesium, antioxidants, vitamins, and fibre. Banana is known to regulate insulin level in the body which make it an ideal and favourable fruit snack for people dealing with diabetes. Also been an anti-cholestrol, this fruit is known for its weight loss feature due to its ability to make consumer feel full after its intake which reduces the unnecessary craving post meal. This could result in weight loss.

2. Apple 🍎

‘An Apple a day keeps the doctor away‘ as well as it keeps unnecessary weight gain away. Apple been one of the most famous and nutritional fruit also assist in weight loss. All thanks to its low-calorie and high fibre content. This fruits alike banana make you feel full and also keeps you awake.

Having this fruit with the first meal of your day will keep you active throughout the day. Apples have a special feature of keeping you away without any caffeine intake. Eating it whole can assist in keeping your appetite in control and reduce hunger causing weight regulation.

3. Watermelon 🍉

Melons are one of the most popular fruit generally knwon for its taste and appearance. Little do people known that due to its low calorie content and high water content, they are very weight loss friendly.

Although poor in calories, melons are rich source of essential minerals and vitamins such as fiber, potassium, and antioxidants, such as vitamin C, beta-carotene, and lycopene. Fruits with high water content are known for help you shed extra weight.

4. Kiwifruit 🥝

Kiwifruits are small, brown fruits with bright green or yellow flesh and tiny black seeds. Been a nutrition dense fruit, kiwis are an excellent source of vitamin C, vitamin E, folate, and fiber, making it a superfood among all weight loss fruits.

As per studies, people consuming 2 kiwifruit for 12 weeks experience reduction in their belly size. Also, this fruit have a low glycaemic index, making them suitable for people with diabetes as well. Kiwifruit has other benefits too apart from weight loss such as improved cholesterol, improved gut health, reduced blood pressure, and prevention of heart diseases.

5. Avocado 🥑

Grown in warn climate, Avocados are calorie dense and fatty fruit. This fruit is one of the most calorie-dense fruit available in the nature. About 100 gram of avocado is capable to provide 160 calories in our body. However, despite of been a great source of calorie, avocado is known to promote weight loss.

As per studies, overweight people ate a diet containing 200gm avocado or 30gm of other fats such as margarine and oils. Both the group reported weight loss which clearly indicated that avocados are smart choice in reducing weight. This fruit causes a feeling of fullness which decreases appetite and improves cholesterol levels.

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