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Can antibiotics help in reducing endometriosis symptoms?

Can antibiotics help in reducing endometriosis symptoms?

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Researchers discovered that compared to less than 10% of individuals without the ailment, approximately two-thirds of patients with endometriosis have higher levels of a particular bacterium around their uterus.

The researchers observed that the levels of the bacteria and the development of endometriosis-related lesions were decreased after administering antibiotics to endometriosis-affected mice.

To determine whether the results apply to people, however, more research is required.

In the disorder known as endometriosis, uterine lining-like cells proliferate outside of the uterus. Along with symptoms like discomfort and nausea, this can result in the production of scar tissue and inflammation in the pelvic area as well as different organs.

In the entire world, endometriosis affects about 10% of people of reproductive age who were born female. There is presently no cure for the illness, though various therapies can assist control it. Additionally, there is no method to avoid the illness.

Millions of people worldwide could have their health and quality of life improved as a result of further endometriosis research.

Recently, scientists discovered that treating mice with a particular bacterium may lessen lesions related to endometriosis. Science Translational Medicine included the findings in one of its issues.

Not a part of the study, Dr. Marc Winter, medical director of Hoag’s minimally invasive surgical gynaecology, told us:

Fusobacterium, a type of bacteria, is implicated in this study from Japan as a potential agent encouraging the development of inflammatory cells that cause inflammation, scar tissue, and pain related to endometriosis. This finding may prompt the addition of particular antibiotics as an essential component of endometriosis therapy.

Fusobacterium in endometriosis

Starting with fibroblasts from four patients with endometriosis and four individuals without, the researchers performed a genomic study. Cells known as fibroblasts help repair wounds and create connective tissues.

They discovered that individuals with endometriosis had much higher levels of the transgelin (TAGLN) gene. It also codes for a protein known as transgelin, which is involved in cell reproduction and is crucial for the growth of the illness.

The expression of TAGLN, which may result from a bacterial infection, can be upregulated by inflammation. According to prior studies, patients with endometriosis have much higher levels of some bacterial genera than healthy people.

The researchers next evaluated the frequency of a bacterium known as Fusobacterium within and outside of the uteruses of 79 people with and 76 people without endometriosis to examine how the presence of these bacteria in the uterine effects endometriosis.

Fusobacterium was found in higher concentrations in the uterine endometrial tissue of 64.3% and the endometrial tissue that had grown outside the uterus of 52.4% of patients with endometriosis. Only 7.1% of those without the disease had higher concentrations of the bacteria in their uteri.

The scientists then looked into whether Fusobacterium encouraged endometriosis in nine mice models of the disease. They discovered that Fusobacterim-exposed animals had higher uterine lesions than control mice.

In contrast, animals without Fusobacterium did not produce as many uterine lesions. This discrepancy persisted even after oestrogen stimulation, which medical professionals believe may induce tissue resembling uterine lining to develop outside of the uterus.

Treatment with antibiotics lessened symptoms

The final goal of the study was to see whether antibiotics could eliminate Fusobacterium in mice and lessen endometriosis symptoms.

To do this, scientists treated endometriosis-affected mice models with metronidazole and chloramphenicol for a total of five days. After a week, they discovered that the mice no longer had Fusobacterium and that transgelin expression had decreased close to the uterus.

They added that animals given antibiotics had less and smaller endometrial lesions than mice not given antibiotics.

According to the researchers’ findings, both antibiotics might be effective in treating endometriosis. However, they pointed out that it is uncertain why Fusobacterium infects some people.

Endometriosis bacteria are unknown.

We discussed the limits of the study with Dr. Karnika Kapoor, a family doctor from Medical Offices of Manhattan who was not engaged in it.

Since mice don’t have a menstrual cycle and don’t naturally develop endometriosis, the mouse model employed in this study has some inherent limitations, according to the researcher.

She said that there is insufficient evidence in the study to support the theory that endometriosis is promoted by Fusobacterium near the uterus after retrograde menstruation, which occurs when the period flows upward via the fallopian tubes and is thought by some researchers to be a possible cause of the disorder.

The authors were careful to make it clear that their analysis could not establish causation, Dr. Stringfellow did observe. This is an important distinction.

“More research is required to prove that Fusobacterium is a causal agent. To ascertain whether other microbial species might have a harmful function, more investigation is also required, he added.

Treatment with antibiotics can slow the spread of endometriosis.

These two studies provide evidence that antibiotic therapy can slow the spread of endometriosis and stop the early development of endometriotic lesions.

The bacterial ecosystem in the mice given antibiotic treatment was also examined by the researchers. Mice with endometriosis who were not given antibiotics had a greater variety of bacteria in their guts.

The mice that received antibiotic treatment had the least bacterial variety.

For endometriosis, metronidazole might be more efficient.

The effectiveness of metronidazole and neomycin as a stand-alone endometriosis treatment was also investigated by the researchers. Lesions on the mice receiving metronidazole were less severe than those on the mice receiving neomycin.

Additionally, the lesions in the mice receiving metronidazole exhibited fewer inflammatory components.

Finally, mice with endometriosis treated with metronidazole were fed endometriotic mouse faeces. Endometriotic lesions developed and resembled those from endometriosis animals given aspartame in their drinking water in terms of mass and volume.

This shows that the bacterial population in the gut can affect how endometriosis develops and spreads.

Future treatments for endometriosis

Dr. Kapoor discussed the limitations of the available endometriosis treatments today.

The current endometriosis treatment options rely on hormone medication, which prevents women from becoming pregnant while receiving care. The removal of endometrial lesions raises concerns since there is a high recurrence rate, which is an option for people with recurring pelvic pain, she said.

“This research appears to point to a possible Fusobacterium-related mechanism of endometriosis, and that antibiotic elimination is a treatment possibility. If antibiotic therapies for endometriosis are found to be beneficial in subsequent research, we could be able to use them in our clinical practise. Karnika Kapoor, M.D.

Dr. Winter concurred that the discoveries might result in fresh therapeutic approaches. “The function of Fusobacterium in promoting endometriosis may result in a completely new strategy for treating it. Further research is required to understand the contribution of Fusobacterium to the development of endometriosis, according to him.

He said, “The use of a widely prescribed antibiotic metronidazole may be a key in improving the efficacy of endometriosis treatment.”

Further research is required.

If similar effects also occur in humans, more research is needed to confirm this. There may be new endometriosis treatments developed if gut bacteria can affect the onset and course of endometriosis in humans.

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What are the best ways to prevent Pneumonia?

What are the best ways to prevent Pneumonia?

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A buildup of fluid or mucus can lead to pneumonia, a lung infection. Your alveoli, which are tiny air sacs that transport oxygen from the air you breathe into your blood, are less effective as a result of these buildups.

Although pneumonia is not communicable, it can be brought on by a variety of factors, some of which may be contagious. These consist of:

When you breathe in food, stomach acid, or saliva into your lungs, you can have a specific type of pneumonia called aspiration pneumonia.

Because of procedures that interfere with normal breathing, such as the requirement for a “breathing tube” (also known as an endotracheal tube), inactivity, or taking specific medications, being in the hospital can increase a patient’s risk of developing pneumonia.

Ways to prevent risk of Pneumonia

Vaccination for pneumococcal conjugation

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV13) offers defence against 13 different bacterial species that can lead to life-threatening illnesses in both children and adults.

PCV13 is one of the routine vaccinations given to infants, and it is given by a paediatrician. Beginning when they are 2 months old, it is administered to infants in a series of three or four doses. Babies receive their final dose by the age of 15 months.

PCV13 is administered as a one-time injection to persons 65 years of age and older. Your physician might advise revaccination in five to ten years. This vaccination should also be given to people of any age who have risk factors, such as a compromised immune system.

Vaccination for pneumococcal polysaccharides

One dose of the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) provides protection against 23 different bacterial species.

It is not suggested for kids. Adults over 65 who have already gotten the PCV13 immunisation are given the PPSV23 vaccine. Usually, it’s presented a year later.

This vaccination should also be given to people aged 19 to 64 who smoke or have health issues that raise their risk of pneumonia. Most people who receive PPSV23 at age 65 don’t need to get it again later.

Clean your hands.

Though pneumonia itself is not contagious, it can be brought on by a number of infectious agents, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The easiest approach to prevent introducing these organisms into your respiratory system is by regularly washing your hands.

  • Make careful to thoroughly wash your hands by utilising the following procedures:
  • Use clean, preferably running water, to wet your hands.
  • Use enough soap to completely cover your hands’ and wrists’ surfaces.
  • Your hands should be fully and quickly lathered. Make sure to scrub your hands, wrists, fingernails, and all other exposed surfaces.
  • Spend no less than 20 seconds cleaning your hands and wrists.
  • Put your hands and wrists in clean, preferably running, water to rinse them.
  • Use a fresh towel to dry your hands and wrists, or let them air dry.
  • To stop the faucet, use a towel.

You can also wash your hands with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer if you don’t have access to soap and water.

Avoid being around sick individuals.

The majority of respiratory illnesses are transferred by minuscule airborne or surface-contact particles. Avoiding contact with sick persons is a crucial step in avoiding pneumonia and other respiratory infections.

If you must be among ill individuals or are in a busy environment, make sure to:

  • regular hand washing
  • Wear a mask over your mouth and nose to avoid the flu dependable source, chilly, and COVID-19 dependable source
  • urging people to hide their sneezes and coughs
  • Do not exchange personal things

Make healthy choices.

Your body’s capacity to fend off infections that can result in pneumonia is strongly influenced by how you take care of your body and the world around you.

The following activities can help you fortify your immune system and lungs:

  • having enough sleep
  • maintaining a healthy diet
  • exercising consistently
  • eschewing smoking
  • lowering your exposure to toxic substances or pollutants
  • maintaining a current immunisation schedule

Prevent pneumonia from developing from a cold

Ask your doctor what preventative measures you may take if you already have a cold to keep it from developing into pneumonia.

Some recommendations are:

  • ensuring adequate sleep when recuperating from a cold or other illness
  • consuming a lot of water to relieve congestion
  • supplementing with zinc and vitamin C to strengthen your immune system

What happens if I get pneumonia?

The type of pneumonia you have and its severity will determine how it is treated. One portion of your lungs may only be affected by pneumonia, or it may spread to both of your lungs’ interior spaces.

Antibiotics may be administered to you if a bacterial infection caused your pneumonia or if the fluids that accumulate after aspiration get infected. Antifungal drugs can also be used to treat fungus-related pneumonia.

Antibiotics and Antifungals won’t help if the virus that is causing your pneumonia is caused by them. Antiviral medication may be used to treat various viruses, such as the flu. Otherwise, the best way to treat viral pneumonia is with supportive care, possibly even in a hospital.

Regardless of the cause, severe cases of pneumonia may necessitate the use of more intensive therapies, such as supplemental oxygen, breathing treatments, or even mechanical ventilation.

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Know how antibiotics can affect your body weight.

Know how antibiotics can affect your body weight.

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It is frequently stated that there is no magic weight-loss medicine. However, a recent University of Chicago study that looked at how the immune system, gut flora, and food. They suggested that the same type of medication used to treat ear infections and strep throat may also be useful in helping us lose excess weight.

According to study researcher of the University of Chicago MD-PhD, the findings point to a potential link between weight gain. Also, the types of bacteria found in the gut, which suggests that in the future, antibiotics that kill bacteria may join diet and exercise in the fight against obesity.

What are Antibiotics?

Antibiotics are potent drugs that treat some diseases and can even save lives. They either kill germs or prevent them from multiplying.

The immune system can usually eliminate bacteria before they grow and produce symptoms. Even if symptoms appear, the immune system is typically able to handle and ward off the infection. This is because white blood cells (WBCs) destroy harmful germs.

However, occasionally there are too many dangerous germs for the immune system to completely eliminate. The usage of antibiotics is appropriate here.

Penicillin was the original antibiotic. Ampicillin, amoxicillin, and penicillin G are just a few examples of penicillin-based antibiotics that are still readily available and have been used for many years to treat a range of illnesses.

Modern antibiotics come in a variety of forms, but in the US, they are often only available with a prescription. Over-the-counter (OTC) creams and ointments contain topical antibiotics.

Antibiotics and weight loss

Our bodies naturally create lymphotoxin, which controls the immune system’s role in promoting the growth of some types of bacteria (specifically, the kind that encourages weight gain) in the stomach. And we consume some bacteria: Probiotics, often known as beneficial bacteria, are an increasingly well-liked addition to foods like probiotic yoghurt and pills.

Probiotics, often known as beneficial bacteria, are an increasingly well-liked addition to foods like probiotic yoghurt and pills.

According to certain professionals, antibiotics may be specifically formulated to encourage weight reduction. Since they can simultaneously boost the growth of some bacteria while inhibiting the growth of other bacteria. However, there are more than 500 different bacterial strains in the intestine, and it is yet unclear which specific strains prevent weight growth. Only then may these bacteria be used to combat fat.

Antibiotics and weight gain

Surprisingly, scientists have been aware that antibiotics contribute to weight growth for more than 70 years. According to a 1955 New York Times article, the pharmaceutical corporation Pfizer actually sponsored a contest among its animal feed salesmen to determine who could put on the most weight. These men got onto a scale in front of a crowd in a hotel ballroom after eating food spiked with antibiotics.

Antibiotics have been linked to weight gain, and this is supported by data as well as anecdotes. Numerous studies all support the same conclusion. For instance, a 2018 study that compiled more than 12 studies involving more than 500,000 kids found that infants who received antibiotics were more likely to be overweight. These weight gains persist into adulthood, according to a more recent study that was published in Nature Reviews Endocrinology.

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