December, 2023 Pharmacy and Health Blog from myGenericPharmacy.com

Medication for weight loss, like Ozempic and Wegovy, may lower the risk of colorectal cancer.

December 13, 2023 blogadmin Comments 0 Comment

According to research, some type 2 diabetes medications used for weight loss may also help reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Diabetes and obesity both increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Reducing the risk of colorectal cancer can be achieved by controlling diabetes, getting regular screenings, and maintaining a healthy weight. A recent study published in the journal JAMA Oncology suggests that a class of type 2 diabetes medications, which includes weight loss medications like Wegovy and Ozempic, may also help prevent colorectal cancer. By reducing blood sugar, boosting insulin production, and delaying stomach emptying, these medications—known as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, or GLP-1 RAs—help control diabetes and promote weight loss, according to research. Case Western Reserve University researchers were interested in seeing if these medications could lower the risk of colorectal cancer because obesity and diabetes are risk factors for the disease, which is the second leading cause of death from all cancers and the third most common type among adults in the US. Over a 15-year period of study data, the researchers found that individuals treated with GLP-1 RAs had a 44 percent lower risk of colorectal cancer than other type 2 diabetics receiving insulin treatment.

Furthermore, the GLP-1 RA treatment group exhibited a 25% reduced risk of colorectal cancer in comparison to the metformin treatment group. According to Dr. Daniel Landau, a medical oncologist, internal medicine specialist, hematologist, and expert contributor for The Mesothelioma Center in Florida who was not involved in the study, the precise cause of diabetes’s significant risk for colorectal cancer is still unknown. Theories include the following: excessive tissue exposure to endogenous sugars fosters an environment in which cancers can grow; diabetes frequently coexists with other risk factors like obesity; and inflammation is linked to cancer. How well diabetes treatment reduces the elevated risk of cancers has not been well-established, Landau told Medical News Today. Since the discovery of GLP1-Ras, there has been evidence to suggest that these treatments may be superior to other medications in lowering the risk of colorectal cancer in diabetic patients. Landau hypothesized that these specific drugs may be more effective at causing weight loss and that their longer-acting nature may contribute to their superior efficacy when it comes to preventing colorectal cancer when compared to other type 2 diabetes medications. Dr. Wael Harb, a hematologist and medical oncologist at MemorialCare Cancer Institute, stated that the study offers a potentially revolutionary breakthrough in understanding the connection between diabetes treatment and cancer prevention.

I find these preliminary results encouraging as a physician in the biopharma industry,” Harb told Medical News Today. It’s important to stress that these are preliminary findings, and before they are taken into consideration for clinical application, they must be validated through larger, more thorough studies. Dr. The study’s findings, according to Anton Bilchik, a surgical oncologist, chief of medicine, and director of the Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Program at Saint John’s Cancer Institute in California, are significant and thought-provoking not only for their possible application but also for their ability to advance our knowledge of colorectal cancer in general. According to Bilchik, who did not participate in the study, these medications are being used more frequently because of their significant impact on weight loss, Medical News Today reported. Scientists may be able to learn more about the cause of colorectal cancer if this study results in a decrease in the disease’s development through independent mechanisms. The greatest strategy to lower your risk of colorectal cancer, regardless of medication use, is to prevent type 2 diabetes and obesity, maintain a healthy weight, and schedule routine checkups with your doctor. According to estimates, roughly two-thirds of U. S. Adults either have obesity or are overweight. The American Cancer Society estimates that there are over 52,000 deaths and approximately 150,000 new cases of colorectal cancer each year.

The third most common cancer in the world and in the United States is colorectal cancer. S. Dr. Misagh Karimi, a medical oncologist at the City of Hope Orange County Lennar Foundation Cancer Center in California who specializes in gastrointestinal cancers, stated that rates are rising among those under the age of 50. Karimi, who was not involved in the new study, told Medical News Today that eating a healthy diet high in fruits and vegetables, being physically active, limiting alcohol consumption, and not smoking tobacco are all important ways to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. It’s critical to follow your doctor’s recommendation and get screened for colorectal cancer because early detection can make a huge difference.

REFERENCES:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/weight-loss-drugs-such-as-wegovy-and-ozempic-may-help-reduce-colorectal-cancer-risk
https://www.healthline.com/health-news/ozempic-wegovy-and-other-glp-1-drugs-may-reduce-colorectal-cancer-risk
https://www.everydayhealth.com/weight/weight-loss-drugs-like-ozempic-tied-to-increased-risk-of-severe-stomach-problems/

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Can wasabi improve an older person’s cognitive health?

December 13, 2023 blogadmin Comments 0 Comment

Cognitive function and the brain are often impacted by aging. There are foods and spices that are known to improve brain function. Wasabi, also known as Japanese horseradish, has been shown by Tohoku University researchers to have potential benefits for improving specific aspects of cognitive function in older adults. Many changes occur in the body as we age, both internally and externally. This also applies to cognition, or the brain’s capacity for information processing and memory. Common signs of age-related cognitive decline include difficulty finding the right word to say when speaking, forgetting where you put things, and slower problem-solving. Numerous lifestyle factors can help people preserve their cognitive health as they age, according to prior research. Among them is maintaining a nutritious diet. Additionally, studies have demonstrated the brain-boosting properties of certain foods, including kale, eggs, oily fish, and berries. It has also been discovered that certain spices, such as ginger, saffron, cinnamon, and turmeric, can enhance brain function. Recently, wasabi, a spice that is typically used as a condiment in Japanese cuisine, has been linked to improved cognitive function in older adults, according to research from Tohoku University in Japan. The journal Nutrients published the study not too long ago.

Native to Japan and parts of Russia and Korea, wasabi is also referred to as Japanese horseradish. It belongs to the family Brassicaceae, which is also made up of arugula, radish, and horseradish. Since wasabi is a rhizome, its roots are used and it grows underground. The wasabi root is typically grated to create a fresh paste. The scent and slight spice of freshly grated wasabi are reminiscent of horseradish or hot mustard. Scholars have examined the possible advantages of wasabi in human subjects, animal models, and cell culture. Previous studies suggest that wasabi may offer various health advantages. These include high vitamin C levels that support the immune system, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial qualities, protection against neurodegenerative diseases, support heart health, aid in weight loss, improve gut health, boost bone health, improve sleep and fatigue, and have anticancer properties.

Researchers gathered 72 Japanese adults, ranging in age from 60 to 80, for this study. For a period of 12 weeks, study participants were instructed to take either a placebo tablet or a wasabi tablet containing 0.8 mg of 6-methylsulfinyl hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MSITC), the plant’s primary bioactive ingredient, before going to bed. Cognitive and memory tests measuring working memory, attention, processing speed, and episodic memory were administered to participants both before and after the 12-week period. At the end of the trial, the researchers discovered that, in comparison to those who took a placebo tablet, those who took the wasabi supplement containing 6-MSITC significantly improved in both working and episodic memory performances. The researchers did not discover any appreciable gains in other cognitive domains, though.

REFERENCES:

https://www.psychiatrist.com/news/wasabi-may-offer-a-spicy-solution-for-boosting-brain-power/
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/wasabi-found-to-boost-brainpower-in-seniors
https://www.sciencealert.com/wasabi-boosts-cognitive-ability-in-older-people-study-shows
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20231031/Spicing-up-memory-Wasabi-found-to-boost-brainpower-in-seniors.aspx

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Are there long-term risks associated with common high blood pressure medications?

December 9, 2023 blogadmin Comments 0 Comment

The presence of high blood pressure alone may increase the chance of developing a number of chronic health issues. Long-term medication use is common in the management of high blood pressure, and this may come with certain health risks. Three drugs that are frequently used to treat high blood pressure were found to have a similar link with cardiovascular mortality in a recent study. Additionally, the findings suggested that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors might raise the risk of stroke. Many aspects of health can be enhanced by managing high blood pressure over the long term. People can occasionally manage their blood pressure without taking medicine. On the other hand, a number of over-the-counter drugs can help with long-term care. In a recent study, people taking one of three popular blood pressure medications were examined for mortality as well as a number of other health outcomes (JAMA Network). Regardless of the type of medication, the researchers found that the mortality risk from cardiovascular disease was similar among the over 32,000 high blood pressure participants in their analysis. Subsequent data analysis, however, revealed that using ACE inhibitors as opposed to diuretics increased the risk of both fatal and nonfatal stroke by 11%. The findings suggest that more investigation is required to ascertain the possible risk of drugs such as ACE inhibitors.

Blood pressure, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), is the force of blood pressing against your artery walls. Your body’s arteries transport blood from your heart to different areas. Excessive blood pressure can lead to a number of complications, including heart attack, stroke, heart failure, and vision loss. People can alter their lifestyles to control high blood pressure by exercising frequently, consuming less alcohol, and consuming less sodium. To help maintain blood pressure in a healthy range, many high blood pressure sufferers take medication. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and thiazide-type diuretics are the three main drug classes used to control blood pressure. All of these drugs can help lower blood pressure, even though their modes of action vary slightly. The purpose of this study was to examine some long-term effects of using specific high blood pressure medications. The design of the study allowed researchers to follow up with participants in a passive manner for up to 23 years. A preplanned secondary analysis of the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) was conducted in this study. Of these participants, data from 32,804 could be included by researchers.

The participants had high blood pressure, were 55 years of age or older, and had one or more additional coronary heart disease risk factors. Researchers examined a number of participant outcomes, including: Mortality from cardiovascular disease overall; Mortality from cardiovascular disease combined with nonfatal outcomes; Morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, end-stage renal disease, and heart failure. The original trial in question was a double-blind clinical trial in which participants were randomly assigned to receive one of three initial medications for high blood pressure: amlodipine, an ACE inhibitor (lisinopril), or chlorthalidone, a thiazide-type diuretic. Participants in the initial trial were also given doxazosin, an α-blocker, but this portion of the trial was terminated early. The three different medication types that were looked at in the study were described in detail to Medical News Today by Dr. Cheng-Han Chen, a board-certified interventional cardiologist and medical director of the Structural Heart Program at MemorialCare Saddleback Medical Center in Laguna Hills, California. Dr. Cheng-Han Chen was not involved in the study. The three different drug classes that were examined in the documentation each have a unique method of efficiently lowering high blood pressure. A diuretic of the thiazide type works by making your body excrete salt and water, which lowers the fluid volume in blood vessels and the systemic pressure that follows. By lowering the amount of calcium that enters the blood vessel walls, a calcium-channel blocker helps to relax the blood vessel walls.

Through data from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Social Security Administration, and National Death Index databases, researchers were able to conduct a secondary analysis that extended beyond the first trial period. Jose-Miguel Yamal, Ph., is the study’s author. D. UTHealth Houston School of Public Health associate professor of biostatistics and data science, stated to MNT: We aimed to ascertain whether there was a difference in the long-term risk of mortality and morbidity outcomes for older adults with hypertension who were starting with one of three widely used antihypertensive treatments: an ACE inhibitor, a calcium channel blocker, or a thiazide-type diuretic. Participants in a seminal clinical trial that compared these treatments were tracked for approximately five years. Much longer than what was possible by contacting participants one-on-one, we took that group of patients and linked their data with some other administrative datasets, such as Medicare, to be able to determine whether they ended up having other outcomes up to 23 years after they started the trial, he continued. The study’s findings showed that each medicine had a comparable death risk from cardiovascular disease. Regarding the other secondary outcomes, the groups’ results were likewise comparable. The primary distinction was that the ACE inhibitor was linked to an 11% higher risk of both fatal and nonfatal strokes that required hospitalization. This was in contrast to the diuretic of the thiazide type.

The higher risk was no longer significant, the researchers observed, once multiple comparisons were taken into consideration. They thus think that people should proceed with caution when interpreting the results. Many of the findings from the first ALLHAT study, which influenced clinical guidelines, are supported by this study. Diuretics and calcium channel blockers have been demonstrated to have superior blood pressure control and lower the risk of stroke compared to ACE inhibitors when stroke risk is a significant factor. This effect lasted well past the trial period. To validate these findings with long-term blood pressure medication use, more research is necessary. A board-certified cardiologist at Providence Saint John’s Health Center in Santa Monica, California, Dr. Rigved Tadwalkar, who was not involved in the study, said the research provided insightful information about the long-term consequences of antihypertensive drugs. The absence of significant differences in the mortality from cardiovascular disease among patients treated with these three classes of medications over an extended follow-up period of up to 23 years is the most noteworthy observation. This implies that the long-term efficacy of these antihypertensive classes is comparatively comparable when looking at mortality.

There are certain limitations to this research. Firstly, it fails to prove a cause-and-effect connection between the variables. After all was revealed, bias might have occurred, and it’s probable that participants stopped taking their medications after learning the truth. Additionally, the researchers lacked information regarding the use of blood pressure medications after trials from 2002 to 2006. None of the analyses were found to be statistically significant after multiple comparisons were taken into account. Some trial participants—like those from Canada—were not contacted by the researchers after the initial trial. Additionally, they were unable to obtain long-term morbidity follow-up from Veterans Affairs clients and non-Medicare participants. This might have restricted the research and reduced the generalizability of the findings. Additionally, blood pressure readings and laboratory data were not provided to the researchers following the conclusion of the initial trial.

The next most noteworthy finding about MNT, according to Dr. Tadwalkar, is that patients taking ACE inhibitors had an 11% higher chance of experiencing a combined fatal and nonfatal hospitalized stroke when compared to those taking diuretics. However, given the possible influence of unmeasured confounding variables and the fact that posttrial data on the use of antihypertensive medications were unavailable for the study for a number of years (2002 to 2006), this finding should be interpreted cautiously. He said that the absence of information could have led to crossover or regression to comparable drugs, which could have affected the results that were seen. When all is said and done, the results highlight how important it is to continuously monitor and review antihypertensive regimens, with an emphasis on individualized treatment plans for each patient. In this case, shared decision-making between patients and clinicians is essential because of the variations in observed outcomes over a long period of time.

REFERENCES:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/common-medications-high-blood-pressure-long-term-health-risk
https://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/side-effects-high-blood-pressure-medications
https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/changes-you-can-make-to-manage-high-blood-pressure/managing-high-blood-pressure-medications
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/939871

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Consuming more navy beans could aid in the prevention of colorectal cancer.

December 9, 2023 blogadmin Comments 0 Comment

Even though colorectal cancer is very treatable when detected in its early stages, most cases are discovered when the disease has progressed. Within five years of receiving treatment for colorectal cancer, recurrence rates range from 7% to 29%. A good diet and other lifestyle modifications can help prevent colorectal cancer. Recent studies have shown that including navy beans, sometimes referred to as haricot beans, in the diets of colorectal cancer survivors improved their gut microbiomes, which may help prevent and treat the disease. The third most common type of cancer worldwide is colorectal cancer, which affects the large intestine, including the colon and the rectum. When detected early enough, colorectal cancer is very treatable and in certain cases even curable. On the other hand, colorectal cancer does not always exhibit symptoms right away. Merely 35 percent or approximately three to four out of ten colorectal cancer cases are detected during the early stages of the disease, when it is still localized. Even with advancements in treatment, between 7 and 29 percent of patients with colorectal cancer may experience a recurrence within five years of finishing treatment, depending on the location and stage of the disease, according to recent research.

While there is no guarantee against colorectal cancer, research from the past indicates that maintaining a healthy weight, exercising frequently, and following certain dietary recommendations can all be beneficial. Presently, M.D researchers from The University of Texas. Researchers at the Anderson Cancer Center have discovered that including navy beans, sometimes referred to as haricot beans, in the diets of people who have survived colorectal cancer can enhance their gut microbiome, which may help prevent and treat cancer. The nutritional profiles of other dry beans, peas, and lentils may also stimulate the gut microbiome, according to Dr. Carrie Daniel-MacDougall, an associate professor of epidemiology at The University of Texas MdotD. The lead author of this study, from Anderson Cancer Center, told Medical News Today that she was especially motivated by encouraging results from early preclinical or mouse model studies that looked specifically at how navy beans affected the trifecta of obesity, inflammation, and colorectal cancer. Dr. Daniel-MacDougall stated that the Polyp Prevention Trial (PPT) served as an inspiration for these investigations, including her own. She continued, This large study demonstrated that the individuals who consumed the most beans on a daily basis or nearly did so had a lower risk of recurrence of advanced colorectal adenoma, a type of precancerous and high-risk polyp that is very likely to progress to colorectal cancer if not caught promptly upon colonoscopy and completely removed.

Pinto, navy, and black beans were the most popular beans consumed by Americans at the time of the PPT, though their popularity varied. S. area. I knew navy beans here in Texas would also be “new” to participants and have a mild/adaptable taste, so I knew they would be ideal for testing in a consistent and controlled way over the course of eight weeks, she continued. A balanced gut microbiome is crucial for colorectal cancer survivors, according to Dr. Daniel-MacDougall, as it interacts directly with the colon epithelium, which is the site of colorectal cancer development. She went on to say that the immune system is closely related to this “cross-talk” between human cells and bacteria, which can either drive or prevent inflammation as well as the onset and spread of cancer. Dr. Daniel-MacDougall continued, “Survivors of cancer want to avoid other major and debilitating health issues after overcoming the arduous journey of the disease.”. The significance of the gut microbiome in colorectal cancer has also been demonstrated by earlier studies. According to a July 2023 study, microbial therapies for colorectal cancer may target the gut microbiome. According to a June 2020 study, dietary modifications tailored to an individual’s gut microbiota may help stop colorectal cancer (CRC) from starting and spreading while also enhancing the effectiveness of antitumoral therapy.

In order to conduct this study, Dr. Daniel-MacDougall and her colleagues randomly assigned 55 male and female participants over the age of thirty who had previously experienced bowel lesions, colorectal cancer, or were at high risk of developing precancerous polyps. Of these, 48 (87 percent) of the participants finished the study. Participants were asked to consume a cup of organic, canned, pressure-cooked white navy beans every day for eight weeks, or they could continue with their regular diet. Researchers found that individuals who regularly ate navy beans had improvements in their gut microbiome. These alterations included a decrease in pathogenic, or opportunistic, bacteria and an increase in alpha diversity, or beneficial bacteria like Eubacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibacterium. While some doctors might feel at ease discussing healthy living, exercise, and eating more fruits and vegetables and less red and processed meat with their patients, Dr. Daniel-MacDougall noted that beans are frequently less likely to come up in conversation and may be more difficult to sell in a population with a history of bowel lesions or bowel issues. She continued, “I hope that this trial’s results and other supporting evidence will make beans a regular topic of conversation and that more medical professionals and patients will recognize the importance of whole foods to achieve a broader impact on health.”. MNT also had a conversation with Dr. Anton Bilchik, director of the Gastrointestinal and Hepatob Institute, chief of medicine, and surgical oncologist.

With between 2 and 3 trillion bacteria in the human body and strong evidence linking these bacteria to a reduced risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease, Dr. Bilchik stated that he thought this study was highly significant and pertinent. In addition, we may harbor both beneficial and harmful bacteria. Thus, he emphasized, it would be crucial if we could use nutrition to boost the good bacteria that influence the immune system and prevent cancer or cancer recurrence. Additionally, given the wealth of new knowledge about bacteria and how diet can affect them, Dr. Bilchik stated that doctors must discuss gut health with their patients who have colorectal cancer. For instance, it is commonly known that individuals who consume processed foods, red meat, and charred meat have a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer. And because other foods, like processed food, may be stimulating the bad bacteria to increase the risk of colorectal cancer and cancer currently, it is critical to know that there are healthier foods that can stimulate bacteria to prevent cancer or to prevent cancer recurrence. Therefore, Dr. Bilchik continued, diet and nutrition should play a critical role in the conversation regarding the prevention of colorectal cancer as well as the treatment of patients who already have the disease to reduce the likelihood that it will return.

REFERENCES:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/eating-more-navy-haricot-beans-may-help-colorectal-cancer-prevention-treatment
https://ascopost.com/news/december-2023/consuming-navy-beans-may-improve-gut-health-regulate-immune-and-inflammatory-processes-in-colorectal-cancer-survivors/
https://www.mdanderson.org/newsroom/eating-beans-improves-gut-health-regulates-immune-inflammatory-processes-colorectal-cancer-survivors.h00-159623379.html
https://medicaldialogues.in/gastroenterology/news/eating-beans-may-prevent-recurrence-of-colorectal-cancer-study-121017

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Ibuprofen may not be the most effective medication for migraines.

December 2, 2023 blogadmin Comments 0 Comment

Triptans are the most successful drugs for treating migraine attacks, according to research. The second most effective drugs were discovered to be ergots and antiemetics. The researchers emphasize that there are numerous, efficient methods for treating migraine episodes. The most successful treatment for migraine attacks is triptans, which are marketed under brands like Imitrex, Zomig, and Maxalt, according to a study that was just published online in the Neurology journal. Ibuprofen, which is marketed under the brands Advil and Motrin, has been found to be two to three times less effective than other classes of medications, such as ergots and antiemetics. Comparing 25 drugs from seven different drug classes, researchers looked at which ones worked best for treating migraine attacks when compared to ibuprofen. Using a smartphone app, the scientists gathered data on over 4.7 million treatment attempts made by almost 300,000 people over the course of six years. Based on user input, frequency, triggers, symptoms, medication, and medication effectiveness, the app gathered data. The top three drug classes, according to the researchers, were: Triptans; Ergots (Migranal, Trudhesa, Cafergot, Ergomar, Ergostat); Antiemetics (Reglan, Compro); and 42 percent of the participants said ibuprofen was effective.

Dr. Noah Rosen, the vice chair of neurology at Northwell Health in New York and an unaffiliated third party, stated that underdosing on ibuprofen raises the risk of recurrence. Underdosing is frequently done to minimize side effects such as stomach irritation. Furthermore, Rosen told Medical News Today that the drug’s halflife—the amount of time it remains active in your body—is relatively brief. Some similar drugs, such as naproxen, remain in the body for a lot longer and stop headaches from coming back. Ibuprofen has a moderate benefit, especially for those who experience less frequent events or who also have neck or jaw pain, but there are other more targeted options that may be more effective and less likely to cause a recurrence of the headache. Eletriptan (6 times more effective than ibuprofen), Zolmitriptan (5 times more effective than ibuprofen), and Sumatriptan (5 times more effective than ibuprofen) were the top three medications, according to the study. The participants reported that eletriptan was helpful 78% of the time, zolmitriptan 74% of the time, and sumatriptan 72% of the time. Other medication classes, including acetaminophen (Tylenol) and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), were also examined by the researchers. The effectiveness of the NSAIDs other than ibuprofen was 94% higher. A popular mix of aspirin, caffeine, and acetaminophen was found to be 69% more effective than ibuprofen. Only acetaminophen proved beneficial 37% of the time.

I am not surprised by these results, said Dr. Medhat Mikhael, a pain management specialist and medical director of the nonoperative program at the Spine Health Center at Memorial Care Orange Coast Medical Center in California. The scientists looked at other NSAIDs and found that all of them were more effective than ibuprofen. Ketorolac (Toradol) was helpful 62 percent of the time. Indomethacin (Tivorbex) was helpful 57 percent of the time. Diclofenac (Flector, Cambia, Zipsor) was helpful 56 percent of the time. Since migraines are brought on by artery vasodilation, triptans and ergots are excellent treatments. By narrowing the arteries, these drugs reduce pain. Inflammation is treated by ibuprofen. Medical News Today was informed by Mikhael, who was not involved in the study, that it is beneficial for inflammatory conditions such as arthritis. Ibuprofen typically doesn’t completely eliminate migraine pain, but it may lessen its intensity. The speed at which ibuprofen leaves your system is another issue. It may begin to relieve symptoms, but after two hours the pain might return. The authors point out that there are numerous migraine relief treatment options available. Dr. ChiaChun Chiang, a study author and neurologist at the Mayo Clinic in Roch, stated, “Our hope is that this study shows that there are many alternatives that work for migraine and we encourage people to talk with their doctors about how to treat this painful and debilitating condition.”.

One of the study’s limitations, according to the researchers, is that the results were self-reported by the participants, meaning that a variety of factors, such as the participants’ expectations of the medication, could have an impact. Another drawback is that the study did not include more recent migraine drugs, such as ditans (Lasmiditan) and gepants (ubrogepant, atogepant, and rimegepant), because there was insufficient information available about them at the time of the investigation. According to UC Davis Health, migraine is a neurological disorder or syndrome rather than just a headache. Although they are a crucial symptom, headaches do not always accompany migraines. The membrane separating the brain and the skull, known as the dura, is inflamed under nerve control, which is what causes headache pain. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke describes it as occurring on one side of the head and characterized by recurrent episodes of moderate to severe throbbing and pulsating pain. Rosen pointed out that migraine is more than just severe headaches. It is frequently distinguished by the accompanying symptoms. The classic migraine pain is sharp, one-sided pain that lasts in a typical way for two to twenty-four hours. These are usually moderate to severe in intensity, and they usually get worse when moving. These incidents are linked to either nausea and vomiting or sensitivity to light and sound. Prodromal or postdromal states, which occur before or after the actual head pain, can cause behavioral abnormalities, yawning, food cravings, and changes in energy levels in a lot of people. Hormonal fluctuations may play a role in the prevalence of migraines in adult women.

REFERENCES:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/certain-migraine-medications-may-be-more-effective-than-ibuprofen#What-is-migraine?
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/11/231129174011.htm
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5935632/
https://www.withcove.com/learn/best-over-the-counter-migraine-medication

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