Pharmacy and Health Blog from myGenericPharmacy.com

Emerging research strongly suggests that routine eye exams could become a powerful, non-invasive way to detect early signs of Alzheimer’s disease and other cognitive disorders.

The eyes, specifically the retina, are often described as an extension of the brain. They share similar tissues, blood vessels, and nerves. Therefore, changes in the brain caused by Alzheimer’s disease can be reflected in the eyes.

Here’s a breakdown of the key signs eye doctors might look for in the future, and the technologies being developed.

How the Eyes Can Reveal Brain Health

The most promising research focuses on the retina (the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye) and the retinal blood vessels.

1. Amyloid-Beta Plaques in the Retina:
   • Alzheimer’s is characterized by the buildup of amyloid-beta proteins in the brain, forming plaques that disrupt cell function.
   • Studies have shown that these same amyloid plaques also accumulate in the retina, and their presence there correlates with the amount of plaque in the brain.
   • Detecting these retinal plaques could provide an early warning sign long before cognitive symptoms appear.
2. Changes in Retinal Blood Vessels:
   • Alzheimer’s disease affects the brain’s small blood vessels, leading to reduced blood flow.
   • Similar changes can be observed in the tiny blood vessels of the retina. These changes can include:
     • Altered vessel width: Certain arteries may narrow.
     • Reduced blood flow: Decreased circulation in the retinal vessels.
     • A less dense vascular network: A loss of complexity in the web of tiny blood vessels.
3. Thinning of the Retinal Layers:
   • The retina has multiple layers of nerve cells. The inner layers, especially the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the ganglion cell layer, are made up of neurons that connect directly to the brain via the optic nerve.
   • As Alzheimer’s causes brain cells to die, it can also cause these specific retinal layers to thin, which can be measured with great precision using existing technology.

Technologies Used to Spot These Signs

Many of these technologies are already standard in optometric and ophthalmological practices, but they are being refined for this specific purpose.

• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): This is a common, quick, and non-invasive scan that creates a high-resolution cross-sectional image of the retina. It can accurately measure the thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer.
• OCT Angiography (OCTA): An advanced form of OCT that can map the tiny blood vessels in the retina without needing an injectable dye. It’s excellent for detecting changes in blood vessel density and blood flow.
• Hyperfluorescent Retinal Amyloid Plaque Imaging: Researchers are developing special eye drops or scanning techniques (using a modified version of a scanning laser ophthalmoscope) that can cause amyloid plaques in the retina to “light up,” making them easy to identify.

Current Status and Important Caveats

• This is Still Largely in the Research Phase: While the science is very promising, using eye exams to diagnose Alzheimer’s is not yet a standard clinical practice. The techniques are being perfected in studies to ensure they are accurate and reliable enough for widespread screening.
• An Eye Exam Would Not Diagnose Alzheimer’s Alone: If an optometrist noticed these signs, it would be considered a risk indicator, not a diagnosis. It would be a crucial piece of information that would lead to a referral to a neurologist for comprehensive testing (like cognitive assessments, PET scans, or cerebrospinal fluid analysis) to confirm a diagnosis.
• The Goal is Early Detection: The huge potential lies in creating a low-cost, accessible, and non-invasive screening tool. Catching Alzheimer’s decades before symptoms begin would allow for earlier interventions, lifestyle changes, and participation in clinical trials for new drugs when they are most likely to be effective.

In summary, the idea that “the eyes are the window to the soul” is taking on a new, scientific meaning. Routine eye exams have the potential to become a vital first line of defense in the early detection of Alzheimer’s disease, transforming how we approach this challenging condition.

Reference:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/routine-eye-exams-may-help-spot-early-signs-alzheimers-dementia

https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/routine-eye-tests-may-reveal-early-alzheimers-signs-study-suggests/123546044

https://www.jax.org/news-and-insights/2025/august/could-routine-eye-exams-reveal-early-signs-of-alzheimer-s-

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This is a significant finding that adds to our understanding of Alzheimer’s disease and its potential differences between men and women.

Here is a detailed breakdown of the study and its implications:

The Headline: Women with Alzheimer’s Have Lower Levels of Healthy Fats

This finding points to a specific biological difference that could help explain why women are disproportionately affected by Alzheimer’s disease.

Key Details of the Study

This research, led by the University of South Australia and published in the journal EBioMedicine, provides a crucial clue in the puzzle of Alzheimer’s.

What they did:

1. Participants: The study analyzed blood plasma samples from hundreds of participants in the Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle (AIBL) study.
2. Comparison: They compared the levels of various lipids (fats) in:
   • People with Alzheimer’s disease vs. healthy cognitively normal individuals.
   • Men vs. Women within these groups.
3. Key Finding: Researchers discovered that women with Alzheimer’s disease had significantly lower levels of a specific type of healthy fat called plasmalogens compared to:
   • Healthy women.
   • Men with Alzheimer’s.

What are Plasmalogens?
Plasmalogens are a special class of phospholipids (a core component of cell membranes). They are particularly abundant in the brain, heart, and immune cell membranes. Their crucial roles include:

• Structural Integrity: Helping to form and protect nerve cell membranes (neurons).
• Synaptic Function: Playing a key role in communication between brain cells.
• Antioxidants: Protecting brain cells from oxidative stress and damage, which is a major contributor to Alzheimer’s.

Why This Finding is So Important

1. Addresses a Major Disparity: Approximately two-thirds of people living with Alzheimer’s disease are women. While women living longer has been a historical explanation, this study suggests there may be a specific biological mechanism at play that makes the female brain more vulnerable.
2. Suggests a “Two-Hit” Model: The researchers propose that the hormonal changes of menopause (particularly the drop in estrogen, which usually helps protect the brain) might be the first “hit” that makes the brain vulnerable. The subsequent significant loss of plasmalogens could be the second “hit” that accelerates the path toward Alzheimer’s.
3. Potential for New Tools: This discovery could lead to:
   • Early Diagnostic Blood Tests: Measuring plasmalogen levels could become a biomarker to identify women at higher risk long before symptoms appear.
   • Novel Treatment Strategies: Therapies aimed at boosting or preserving plasmalogen levels could be developed as a preventative measure or to slow disease progression.

How to Support Plasmalogen Levels (Based on Current Knowledge)

It’s important to note that this research is still emerging, and no specific treatments exist yet. However, plasmalogens are synthesized in the body from precursors found in food.

Dietary sources of precursors include:

• Shellfish: Shrimp, scallops, mussels
• Cold-Water Fatty Fish: Salmon, mackerel, herring, sardines (also excellent sources of brain-healthy omega-3s DHA and EPA).
• Organ Meats: Such as liver (in moderation).
• Certain Leafy Greens and Soy Products: Contain compounds that may support synthesis.

General Dietary Patterns Linked to Brain Health:

• Mediterranean Diet: Rich in fish, healthy fats (olive oil, nuts), and antioxidants, which is consistently associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline.
• DASH and MIND Diets: Specifically designed to support brain health.

Important Caveats and Considerations

• Correlation vs. Causation: This study shows a strong association, but it does not yet prove that low plasmalogens cause Alzheimer’s. It might be a consequence of the disease. Further research is needed.
• Not a Solo Cause: Alzheimer’s is a complex disease with many contributing factors, including genetics (like the APOE-e4 gene, which has a stronger effect in women), vascular health, and overall lifestyle.
• Do Not Self-Supplement: Plasmalogen supplements are available but are not rigorously tested or regulated for preventing or treating Alzheimer’s. It is essential to consult a doctor before considering any supplement.

Conclusion

This study is a vital step toward understanding the biological reasons why women are at greater risk for Alzheimer’s. By identifying the specific depletion of protective plasmalogens in women with the disease, it opens up new avenues for gender-specific research, diagnostics, and future treatments.

For now, the best advice remains: Maintain a heart-healthy and brain-healthy lifestyle—a balanced diet rich in omega-3s, regular physical activity, mental stimulation, and strong social connections—as these are proven to support overall cognitive health.

Reference:

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20250820/Women-with-Alzheimers-show-reduced-levels-of-healthy-unsaturated-fats.aspx

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/women-with-alzheimers-have-lower-levels-of-healthy-fats-study-finds

https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/health/research-reveals-women-with-alzheimer-s-show-20-drop-in-omega-fatty-acids-same-pattern-not-found-in-men-101755847516259.html

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Here’s a concise summary of the key findings from the major U.S. study on lifestyle changes and brain health, formatted for easy sharing:

Subject: 4 Lifestyle Changes That May Boost Brain Health, According to New Study

A groundbreaking U.S. study has identified four key lifestyle areas where improvements may significantly enhance brain health and reduce the risk of cognitive decline. Here’s what the research highlights:

1. Physical Activity

• Finding: Regular exercise (e.g., 150+ mins/week of moderate activity) improves blood flow to the brain and supports neuron growth.
• Tip: Incorporate aerobic exercise (walking, swimming) and strength training.

2. Heart-Healthy Diet

• Finding: Diets like the Mediterranean or MIND (rich in leafy greens, berries, nuts, and fish) are linked to slower cognitive decline.
• Tip: Prioritize whole foods, omega-3s, and antioxidants while minimizing processed foods.

3. Cognitive Engagement

• Finding: Staying mentally active (reading, puzzles, learning new skills) builds cognitive reserve, delaying dementia onset.
• Tip: Challenge your brain daily with novel activities.

4. Social Connection

• Finding: Strong social ties reduce stress and inflammation, lowering dementia risk by up to 50% in some studies.
• Tip: Prioritize in-person interactions, join clubs, or volunteer.

The Big Picture: The study emphasizes that combining all four areas yields the strongest protective effects, even for those with genetic risks like APOE4. Small, consistent changes matter most!

Source: [Study Name/Institution] (e.g., NIH-funded research published in Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease).

Reference:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/lifestyle-changes-4-areas-diet-exercise-may-improve-brain-health-aging-pointer-trial

https://edition.cnn.com/2025/07/28/health/cognitive-decline-pointer-study-wellness

https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/28/health/alzheimers-dementia-healthy-lifestyle.html

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A recent study has suggested that eating just one egg per week may be associated with a reduced risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Here’s a breakdown of the findings and what they could mean:

Key Findings:

• Lower Alzheimer’s Risk: Researchers observed that participants who consumed at least one egg per week had a significantly lower risk of Alzheimer’s compared to those who ate eggs less frequently or not at all.
• Possible Protective Nutrients: Eggs are rich in choline, lutein, zeaxanthin, and omega-3 fatty acids, which are believed to support brain health by reducing inflammation, improving neuronal function, and protecting against oxidative stress.
• Moderation Matters: The study did not suggest excessive egg consumption but highlighted that even a modest intake (one per week) might offer benefits.

Study Details:

• Type of Study: Likely an observational study (cohort or case-control), meaning it shows an association but does not prove causation.
• Participants: The research may have tracked older adults over time, comparing dietary habits with cognitive outcomes.
• Confounding Factors: Other healthy lifestyle habits (exercise, balanced diet) could also contribute to the observed benefits.

Why Eggs Might Help?

1. Choline: Essential for neurotransmitter production (e.g., acetylcholine, which is critical for memory and declines in Alzheimer’s).
2. Antioxidants (Lutein & Zeaxanthin): Protect brain cells from damage.
3. Healthy Fats (DHA): Supports brain cell membrane integrity.

Limitations:

• Correlation ≠ Causation: The study doesn’t prove eggs prevent Alzheimer’s—other dietary or lifestyle factors may play a role.
• Individual Variability: Genetics, overall diet, and metabolic health influence outcomes.

• Including eggs as part of a balanced diet (along with vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats) may support brain health.
• If you have cholesterol concerns, consult a doctor, but current research suggests moderate egg consumption is generally safe for most people.

Reference:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/eating-1-egg-per-week-linked-to-lower-alzheimers-risk-study-finds

https://www.newsnationnow.com/health/eating-eggs-alzheimers

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/eating-this-breakfast-daily-can-lower-alzheimers-risk-by-almost-half-and-boost-brain-health/articleshow/122624598.cms

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A recent study suggests that cycling could offer greater benefits for brain health compared to walking. Here’s a breakdown of the key findings and implications:

Key Findings:

1. Greater Cognitive Benefits – The study found that cycling may enhance cognitive function, memory, and executive control more effectively than walking, possibly due to its higher cardiovascular intensity and greater neuromuscular engagement.
2. Increased Blood Flow & Neurogenesis – Cycling’s aerobic intensity promotes better blood circulation to the brain, potentially boosting the growth of new neurons (neurogenesis) in regions like the hippocampus, which is crucial for memory.
3. Higher Intensity, Better Results – Since cycling typically demands more energy and coordination than walking, it may stimulate brain plasticity (the brain’s ability to adapt) more effectively.
4. Reduced Risk of Cognitive Decline – Regular cycling has been linked to a lower risk of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, possibly due to its combined cardiovascular and motor complexity benefits.

Why Cycling Might Be Superior to Walking for Brain Health:

• Cardiovascular Demand – Cycling often elevates heart rate more than walking, enhancing oxygen and nutrient delivery to the brain.
• Motor Complexity – Balancing, steering, and pedaling engage multiple brain areas simultaneously, which may strengthen neural connections.
• Adaptability – Cycling allows for varied intensity (e.g., interval training), which may be more effective in triggering brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein linked to cognitive health.

Considerations:

• Accessibility & Joint Impact – Walking is still highly beneficial, especially for older adults or those with mobility issues.
• Consistency Matters – Both activities improve brain health, but cycling may offer a slight edge for those able to engage in moderate-to-high-intensity exercise.
• Combination Approach – A mix of cycling, walking, and strength training may provide the best overall brain health benefits.

If possible, incorporating cycling into your routine could enhance cognitive function more than walking alone. However, the best exercise is the one you enjoy and can sustain long-term.

Reference:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/brain-health-may-benefit-more-cycling-walking-dementia-alzheimers-study

https://www.healthandme.com/fitness/biking-can-help-your-brain-stay-young-study-finds-biking-to-reduce-risk-of-dementia-article-151889441

https://www.eatingwell.com/cycling-lower-dementia-risk-study-11757686

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A new study, posted in JAMA NeurologyTrusted Source, reveals that humans with kind 2 diabetes who take not unusualplace anti-diabetes medicines had a discounted danger of Alzheimer`s and related dementias.

The pills in query have been glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), like Ozempic and Wegovy, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), like Jardiance.

Specifically, GLP-1RA changed into related to a 33% decrease danger of dementia, and SGLT2i changed into related to a 43% decrease danger. Other diabetes medicines, however, have been now no longer related to a alternate in danger.

As the common age of the populace progressively rises, the range of dementia instances rises in step. Despite many years of extensive research, a therapy stays elusive. Although a few remedies can sluggish progress, we’re a ways from a breakthrough.

Adding to those challenges, if an powerful drug have been found, it’d take a few years to accumulate a enough proof base and tens of thousands and thousands of bucks to deliver it to market.

Some current studies has recommended that kind 2 diabetes and dementia might also additionally percentage a few physiological similarities, such as irritation and impaired insulin signalling withinside the brain. People with diabetes even have a better threat of growing dementia.

This increases an thrilling question: If a drug reduces the effect of kind 2 diabetes, would possibly it additionally lessen the threat of dementia? Scientists have now investigated this question, and a few proof does endorse that diabetes remedy might also additionally lessen dementia threat.

However, because the authors of the cutting-edge take a look at explain, we want extra proof. To construct the clearest photo to date, they used “a extra rigorous methodological method and strong adjustment for confounding factors.”

To investigate, the scientists accessed information from Florida, Georgia, and Alabama. In total, this amounted to 92,a hundred and sixty humans elderly 50 or older with kind 2 diabetes.

Participants had been accompanied till they died or evolved dementia, such as Alzheimer`s, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and Lewy frame dementia.

They centered on 3 comparisons:

GLP-1RA as opposed to different second-line glucose-reducing drugs
SGLT2i as opposed to different second-line glucose-reducing drugs
GLP-1RA as opposed to SGLT2i.

The scientists concluded that GLP-1RAs and SGLT2is have been related to a discounted threat of growing dementias in comparison with second-line diabetes drugs.

“GLP-1RA use turned into related to a 33% decrease threat of [dementia], at the same time as SGLT2i use turned into related to a 43% decrease threat in comparison with other [glucose-lowering drugs],” the authors write.

Medical News Today contacted William Kapp, MD, a toughness professional and CEO of Fountain Life, now no longer worried in tis study.

Kapp shared his mind at the findings, saying:

“The effects didn`t surprise me however they did provide greater credence to what we`ve been observing. Brain and frame don`t age separately. Metabolic troubles inclusive of insulin resistance are connected to inflammation, oxidative stress, and adjusted blood waft all of which effect mind health.”

Although scientists do now no longer realize for certain how GLP-1RA and SGLT2i may also lessen dementia threat in humans with kind 2 diabetes, the authors propose a few capability mechanisms.

For instance, GLP-1RAs had been proven to:

lessen neuroinflammation
enhance insulin Trusted Sourcesignalling withinside the mind
sell the increase of recent nerve cells (neurogenesis).

Similarly, SGLT2is may also guard the mind by:

enhancing cerebral blood waft
lowering oxidative stress
improving mitochondrial activity.

The scientists additionally provide an explanation for that each capsules are related to advanced metabolic and vascular fitness, each of which may also aid healthful mind function.

Additionally, there’s a few proof that those capsules can lessen stages of amyloid-beta and tau proteins withinside the mind the hallmarks of Alzheimer`s disease.

Speaking with the Science Media Center, Prof. David Strain,MD, FRCP, accomplice professor of cardiometabolic fitness on the University of Exeter Medical School withinside the United Kingdom, further now no longer concerned withinside the study, defined that:

“GLP-1 receptor antagonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors had been confirmed to manipulate the sugar, and additionally lessen the inflammation (a key motive force of Alzheimer`s disease) and decrease vascular hazard (a key motive force of vascular dementia) greater than could be predicted with the aid of using the sugar manipulate alone.”

“It is consequently no wonder that those facts display a decrease hazard of dementia in folks that get hold of them as a part of her ordinary care,” Strain continued.

This study, which analyzed facts from nearly 100,000 human beings is supported with the aid of using some of preceding studies. However, a paper posted withinside the identical magazine and at the identical day casts a small part of doubt at the results.

The paper in question, additionally posted in JAMA NeurologyTrusted Source, is a scientific evaluation and meta-evaluation of 26 medical trials which include facts from 164,531 participants.

According to its authors, “glucose-decreasing remedy with GLP1-RAs, however now no longer SGLT2is, become related to a statistically enormous discount in dementia or cognitive impairment.”

So, their conclusions on GLP1-RAs reflect the ones from the unique paper, however they did now no longer locate the equal impact for SGLT2is. This can be in part because of the quick length of follow-up. The common examine follow-up withinside the meta-evaluation and the follow-up withinside the unique examine have been beneathneath five years.

As dementia takes a few years to develop, this will now no longer be lengthy enough.

“Its nevertheless early, and were nevertheless now no longer seeing all of the lengthy-time period data,” Kapp advised MNT. But what we`re seeing is that regulating insulin and irritation can also additionally additionally gradual down a number of the adjustments withinside the mind tied to dementia.”

The inevitable subsequent query is: Will those tablets lessen dementia chance in human beings with out diabetes?

“If the advantage is from decreasing insulin resistance or irritation, it`s viable that those tablets may be properly for human beings with out diabetes,” Kapp advised MNT earlier than injecting a few caution.

“Just due to the fact some thing is ideal for one organization doesn`t imply it’s far for others. And there are constantly dangers to lengthy-time period use,” he warned.

For now, the jury is as a minimum in element out. We can also additionally need to watch for longer research earlier than we are able to draw strong conclusions. Still, it’s far searching more and more more possibly that GLP1-RAs would possibly lessen the chance of dementia for human beings with kind 2 diabetes, that is genuinely a effective finding.

Reference:

https://www.healthline.com/health-news/ozempic-alzheimers-risk-diabetes

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/diabetes-drugs-like-ozempic-or-jardiance-may-slash-alzheimers-risk#Do-we-have-enough-data-to-draw-strong-conclusions

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This study, published in Neurology, provides compelling evidence of the negative impact of alcohol consumption on brain health, particularly in relation to vascular damage, brain atrophy, and dementia-related pathologies. Here’s a concise breakdown of the findings and their implications:

Key Findings:

1. Alcohol Consumption & Brain Vascular Damage:
   • Moderate, heavy, and former heavy drinkers had a higher risk of hyaline arteriolosclerosis (thickening/narrowing of small brain blood vessels).
   • Heavy drinkers had a 133% increased risk of this condition.
2. Brain Atrophy & Cognitive Decline:
   • Former heavy drinkers had lower brain weight and poorer cognitive function compared to never-drinkers.
   • Heavy drinking was linked to more neurofibrillary tangles (a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease).
3. Indirect Cognitive Impact:
   • Alcohol did not directly impair cognition but appeared to damage blood vessels first, which then contributed to cognitive decline.

Study Details:

• Participants: 1,781 deceased adults (avg. age 75) from Brazil, with brain autopsies.
• Alcohol Categories:
  • Never drinkers (965 people).
  • Moderate drinkers (≤7 drinks/week).
  • Heavy drinkers (≥8 drinks/week).
  • Former heavy drinkers (quit ≤3 months before death).
• Limitations:
  • Relied on family-reported alcohol use (potential inaccuracy).
  • Cross-sectional (cannot prove causation).
  • No long-term follow-up data.

Expert Takeaways:

1. Even Moderate Drinking May Harm the Brain:
   • Vascular changes (hyaline arteriolosclerosis) were seen in all drinking groups, suggesting no safe threshold for alcohol regarding brain health.
2. Former Heavy Drinkers Still at Risk:
   • Brain shrinkage and cognitive deficits persisted even after quitting, indicating long-term damage.
3. Alcohol’s Role in Dementia Risk:
   • Heavy drinking may accelerate vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s pathology (neurofibrillary tangles).

Practical Implications:

• Public Health Messaging:
  • No amount of alcohol is “safe” for brain health even moderate intake may contribute to vascular damage.
  • Heavy drinkers should be warned about irreversible brain atrophy and dementia risk.
• Clinical Practice:
  • Screen for alcohol use in older patients with cognitive decline.
  • Encourage early reduction/cessation to mitigate vascular damage.
• Future Research Needed:
  • Longitudinal studies to confirm causality.
  • Investigation into vitamin deficiencies (e.g., B1/thiamine) that may worsen alcohol-related brain damage.

Bottom Line:

This study adds to growing evidence that alcohol even in moderation harms brain structure and function, primarily through vascular damage. While more research is needed, the findings support limiting or avoiding alcohol to preserve long-term cognitive health.

Reference:

https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/types-dementia/alcohol-related-brain-damage-arbd

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/alcohol-related-dementia

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6957093

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/alcohol-use-could-contribute-to-dementia-by-damaging-the-brain

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Brazilian researchers recently reviewed the effects of probiotic kefir on Alzheimer’s disease. Since there is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, which is the most prevalent type of dementia, researchers are looking for novel ways to prevent and combat the condition. In their review, the researchers incorporated seven studies, one of which involved human subjects. Despite the small study population, the researchers discovered that kefir may alleviate symptoms. The idea that gut health may be crucial to brain health, including preventing and lessening the symptoms of dementia, is being supported by an increasing amount of evidence as researchers learn more about how to treat Alzheimer’s disease.

In light of this, Brazilian researchers recently examined some studies to determine whether kefir might be helpful for Alzheimer’s patients as a supplement. Because kefir has a distinct microbial makeup, the scientists wanted to investigate it further because probiotics promote gut health, which is thought to affect brain health. Even though they could only include a small number of studies in their review, the scientists were encouraged by the findings. According to one human study, taking kefir supplements enhanced memory and cognitive function. 7 million individuals in the U.S. have Alzheimer’s disease, and in the next 25 years, this number is expected to nearly double. Scientists constantly search for methods to lessen the effects of Alzheimer’s disease because of the toll it takes on people’s bodies, minds, and finances.

Several studies have looked into the potential benefits of probiotics for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease, and the researchers in this review wanted to find out if probiotic kefir might help. Probiotics are crucial for gut health because they can boost the microbiome’s beneficial bacteria, which can help the heart, immune system, and other bodily systems. Probiotics can be found in foods like yogurt and sauerkraut, as well as in beverages like kefir, which is a fermented milk beverage. Kefir grains are fermented with both dairy and non-dairy milk to produce kefir. Kefir stood out, according to the review authors, because it has a symbiotic relationship between yeast and bacteria.

The researchers searched several databases for research on neurodegenerative diseases and kefir. Seven studies were found after they filtered their search results; two of these involved flies, four involved rodents, and one involved humans. The researchers wanted to know how kefir might affect oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cognitive function. Oxidative stress is a process that increases in the brain as people age and can lead to dementia, according to the 2016 review. The review authors assessed the potential effects of kefir as an adjuvant treatment for Alzheimer’s disease after examining the various models. Kefir may have potential cognitive benefits, according to animal studies. This was shown in both the fly and rodent studies.

The effects of kefir on the gut microbiota and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway were examined in one of the rodent studies. This is important because Alzheimer’s disease is linked to the TLR4 pathway. This investigation demonstrated that kefir significantly reduced TLR4 expression. As a result, neuroinflammation decreased, safeguarding brain tissue and enhancing cognitive performance. Another study on rodents examined the effects of kefir when combined with a stem cell therapy treatment for Alzheimer’s disease; this also led to a reduction in neuroinflammation. Kefir was examined in the other two rodent studies using either simvastatin, a drug that lowers cholesterol, or pioglitazone, an anti-diabetic drug. These two provided protective advantages.

Both fly studies examined the effects of kefir on motor skills, and one study examined the effects of kefir on amyloid buildup. One characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease is beta-amyloid plaques. The fly study revealed a decrease in amyloid accumulation, indicating that kefir might be used as an adjuvant therapy. Supplementing with kefir improved the motor skills of both fly models. This could be helpful for those who have Alzheimer’s disease because their motor skills gradually deteriorate. Dr. Gliebus explained that kefir may help maintain brain health by restoring a balanced gut microbiome, lowering systemic inflammation, and fortifying the gut barrier, which can limit neuroinflammation.

The antioxidant qualities of kefir’s bioactive ingredients may shield neurons from oxidative damage. This defense may slow down neurodegeneration by maintaining mitochondrial and synaptic function. Gliebus clarified how kefir might be beneficial, but he also pointed out that more research is required to fully understand the relationship between probiotics and Alzheimer’s disease. Kefir’s ability to modulate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress through the gut-brain axis makes it a promising adjunct therapy, according to the review. However, Gliebus stressed that the available data is still very preliminary. Despite the compelling biological justification, more thorough clinical research is required before kefir is suggested as a standard part of [Alzheimer’s] treatment.

We are still learning how kefir might affect individuals with Alzheimer’s, even though preliminary research, primarily conducted on animals and in lab settings, indicates that it may help lower oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain. Although it’s encouraging, more clinical studies are required before we can offer firm recommendations. Salinas added that it might be beneficial to concentrate on lifestyle modifications like diet and exercise. By promoting brain health and general well-being, dietary interventions like kefir may enhance these treatments, according to Salinas. People who are at risk or who are in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease may benefit most from a holistic approach that includes a balanced diet, physical activity, cognitive stimulation, and social engagement.