Browsed by
Category: Depression

Treatments for Sleep Changes

Treatments for Sleep Changes

Individuals suffering from Alzheimer’s disease frequently struggle to fall asleep or may notice alterations in their sleep routine. Researchers are still unsure of the exact cause of these sleep disruptions. Similar to modifications in behavior and memory, sleep abnormalities are inextricably linked to the brain damage caused by Alzheimer’s disease. It is always best to try non-drug coping mechanisms first when handling sleep changes.

Common sleep changes
Sleep patterns are altered in a large number of Alzheimer’s patients. The reason why this occurs is not fully understood by scientists. Similar to alterations in behavior and memory, sleep abnormalities are inextricably linked to the brain damage caused by Alzheimer’s disease. Sleep disturbances are also common in older adults without dementia, but they tend to be more severe and occur more frequently in those with Alzheimer’s. While some studies have found sleep abnormalities in the early stages of the disease, there is evidence that they are more common in later stages.


Sleep changes in Alzheimer’s may include: the inability to sleep. Many who have Alzheimer’s disease wake up more frequently and remain awake through the night more often. Reduces in dreaming and non-dreaming stages of sleep are observed in brain wave studies. People with trouble falling asleep may wander, be unable to stay still, or scream or call out, which can keep their carers awake. naps during the day and other changes to the sleep-wake cycle. People may experience extreme daytime sleepiness followed by difficulty falling asleep at night. In the late afternoon or early evening, they might become agitated or restless, a phenomenon known as “sundowning.”.

According to expert estimates, people with advanced Alzheimer’s disease sleep a large portion of the day and spend approximately 40% of the night awake in bed. Extreme situations may cause a person’s typical pattern of daytime wakefulness and nighttime sleep to completely reverse.

Contributing medical factors
A comprehensive medical examination should be performed on anyone having trouble sleeping to rule out any curable conditions that might be causing the issue. Depression, restless legs syndrome, which causes unpleasant “crawling” or “tingling” sensations in the legs and an overwhelming urge to move them, and sleep apnea, which is an abnormal breathing pattern in which people briefly stop breathing many times a night, leading to poor sleep quality, are a few conditions that can exacerbate sleep problems. Treatment options for sleep disorders primarily caused by Alzheimer’s disease include both non-drug and drug approaches.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the majority of experts strongly advise against using medication in favor of non-drug measures. Research has indicated that the general quality of older adults’ sleep is not enhanced by sleep medications. The risks of using sleep aids include an increased risk of falls and other problems that might offset any therapeutic advantages.

Non-drug treatments for sleep changes
Non-pharmacological therapies seek to lessen midday naps and enhance sleep hygiene and routine. It is always advisable to try non-drug coping strategies before taking medication because some sleep aids have serious side effects. Maintaining regular mealtimes, bedtimes, and wake-up times, seeking morning sunlight exposure, and regularly scheduled exercise, but no later than four hours before bedtime, avoiding alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine, treating any pain, making sure the bedroom temperature is comfortable, providing nightlights and security objects, discouraging the person from staying in bed while awake, and encouraging them to use the bed only for sleep, are all important ways to create a welcoming sleeping environment and promote rest for someone with Alzheimer’s disease.

Medications for sleep changes
Sometimes non-drug treatments don’t work as planned, or the sleep disruptions are accompanied by unruly behavior at night. Experts advise that treatment for those who do need medication “begin low and go slow.”. Using sleep aids when an older person has cognitive impairment carries a significant risk. These include a heightened risk of fractures and falls, disorientation, and a deterioration in self-care skills. When a regular sleep pattern has been established, an attempt should be made to stop using sleep medications.

The kinds of behaviors that may accompany sleep changes can have a significant impact on the type of medication that a doctor prescribes. Using an antipsychotic medication should only be decided very carefully. Studies have indicated that these medications raise the risk of stroke and death in elderly dementia patients. The U.S. S. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has mandated that manufacturers label these medications with a disclaimer that states they are not authorized to treat symptoms of dementia and a “black box” warning about potential risks.

Reference:

https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/treatments/for-sleep-changes
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/caregivers/in-depth/alzheimers/art-20047832
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197457218300466
https://www.mcmasteroptimalaging.org/blog/detail/blog/2023/08/17/non-drug-options-for-dementia-related-sleep-problems

Medications that have been suggested by doctors worldwide are available here
https://mygenericpharmacy.com/category/disease/alzheimer-disease

Treating anxiety, and depression linked to better heart disease outcomes

Treating anxiety, and depression linked to better heart disease outcomes

There are two common mental health conditions: anxiety and depression. Well-being depends on treating these conditions appropriately, and research is still being done to determine how treatment affects other health issues, such as heart health. In individuals who had already suffered from serious cardiac issues, a recent study that was published in the Journal of the American Heart AssociationTrusted Source looked at the effects of anxiety and depression treatment on heart health outcomes.

Researchers who used medication and psychotherapy to treat depression or anxiety in over 1,500 participants found that they were 75% less likely to return to the emergency room and 74% less likely to have to stay in the hospital after discharge. The findings emphasize how critical mental health disorders must be treated to improve outcomes for patients with pre-existing cardiac issues. The mental health condition of depression is prevalent. A persistent sense of hopelessness and a decrease in energy are common in people with depression. Their daily activities might be difficult for them to carry out.

An additional prevalent mental health issue is anxiety. Individuals who suffer from anxiety may have trouble falling asleep, worry all the time, and feel restless. Anxious people may also be more susceptible to depressionTrusted Source. Physical and mental health are inversely correlated. For instance, individuals with depression may experience worsening symptoms from both their chronic illnesses, such as diabetes or heart disease. Additionally, anxiety may increase a person’s risk of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease and mental health are closely related, with effects on both conditions occurring simultaneously. Heart disease risk factors include elevated blood pressure and physiological stress, which can be experienced by people with disorders like depression and anxiety.

Furthermore, he pointed out, that they might be more likely to adopt lifestyle changes, like smoking and inactivity, that can raise their risk of cardiovascular disease even further. On the other hand, following a stressful acute cardiovascular event, patients with heart disease, such as those who experience a heart attack, stroke, or heart failure, are more likely to experience mental health disorders like anxiety, depression, or PTSD [post-traumatic stress disorder].

Researchers are not entirely sure of the precise relationship that exists between physical conditions and mental illness. The goal of the current study was to learn more about the connections between anxiety and depression and specific cardiac issues. This study used a retrospective cohort design and was population-based. Using Medicaid data from Ohio, researchers included 1,563 participants in their analysis. The participants experienced anxiety or depression in addition to heart failure or coronary artery disease. Additionally, they had been admitted to the hospital for the first time due to ischemic heart disease or heart failure.

The relationship between anxiety and depression treatment and hospital readmission, ER visits for heart failure and coronary artery disease, all-cause mortality, and heart disease mortality was examined by researchers. They examined whether participants were receiving psychotherapy and whether they were using antidepressants. Many covariates, such as biological sex, Medicaid eligibility, and ethnicity, were noted and taken into consideration. Several models that were adjusted for distinct covariates were run. According to the analysis, patients with depression or anxiety who also received medication saw the greatest reductions in risk and the greatest benefits.

Nonetheless, there were improvements in rehospitalization and ER visits for every group that got treatment. Researchers did not find any appreciable drops in the mortality risk from heart disease in patients receiving treatment for depression and anxiety. Individuals who got both medication and psychotherapy had a 75% lower chance of returning to the hospital, a 74% lower risk of requiring ER visits, and a 66% lower risk of dying from any cause. The findings highlight the significance of treating mental illness in heart disease patients to help improve the course of their condition.

MD, a professor of internal medicine at Ohio State’s Wexner Medical Center and director of cardiovascular research for the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, outlined the study’s conclusions. He informed us that patients with anxiety or depression who have been admitted to the hospital due to heart failure or coronary artery disease benefit from mental health treatments that include medication, psychotherapy, or both.

The biggest benefits go to those who receive both medication and psychotherapy together. The likelihood of dying is lowered in every instance, and there are notable decreases in the need to visit the ER or return to the hospital. The study emphasizes how critical it is to identify mental health conditions in patients with cardiovascular disease, such as depression and anxiety. It is particularly crucial for vulnerable groups, including the elderly, people with advanced heart disease, and people who have previously been admitted to the hospital due to cardiovascular illness.

There are several restrictions on this study. Initially, since it only included Ohio Medicaid participants and collected information from their filed claims, certain information might be absent. Furthermore, no causal relationship between the factors the researchers looked at could be found in the research. Since white people made up the bulk of the participants, future research could concentrate on looking at other groups. Additionally, adults over 64 were not included in the research; therefore, older participants should be included in future studies. Furthermore, the study was conducted over a relatively short period; therefore, longer-term research may be necessary to validate these results.

It’s possible that some confounders were overlooked and that other factors, like the severity of the illness, were not taken into account. Additionally, they were unable to use standardized assessments to validate the mental health diagnoses. This was a retrospective study, and more prospective research is needed to determine the effectiveness of mental health therapies for heart disease patients. Mechanistic research will improve our ability to prevent and treat mental health issues as well as heart disease by clarifying the physiological links between the two conditions.

REFERENCES:
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/treating-anxiety-depression-linked-to-better-heart-disease-outcomes
https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/study-anxiety-depression-treatment-linked-with-heart-disease-outcomes
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20240320/Treatment-for-anxiety-and-depression-associated-with-improved-heart-disease-outcomes.aspx

Medications that have been suggested by doctors worldwide are available here
https://mygenericpharmacy.com/index.php?cPath=31
https://mygenericpharmacy.com/index.php?cPath=30