A growing body of research suggests that exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)—commonly called “forever chemicals”—may increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). These synthetic chemicals, found in many consumer and industrial products, persist in the environment and accumulate in the human body, potentially disrupting metabolic processes.

Key Findings on PFAS and Diabetes Risk

1. Endocrine Disruption & Insulin Resistance
   • PFAS can interfere with hormonal regulation, including insulin signaling.
   • Studies show they may impair glucose metabolism, contributing to insulin resistance.
2. Epidemiological Evidence
   • A 2022 study in Diabetologia found that higher PFAS levels in blood were associated with a greater risk of T2D, especially in women.
   • The NIH’s Nurses’ Health Study observed that certain PFAS (like PFOS and PFOA) were linked to higher fasting glucose levels.
3. Mechanisms of Action
   • Fat cell dysfunction: PFAS may alter fat storage and release, worsening metabolic health.
   • Liver toxicity: Some PFAS compounds promote fatty liver disease, a diabetes risk factor.
   • Gut microbiome disruption: Emerging research suggests PFAS may alter gut bacteria linked to glucose control.

Common Sources of PFAS Exposure

• Non-stick cookware (Teflon)
• Water-resistant fabrics (raincoats, carpets)
• Food packaging (grease-resistant paper, fast-food containers)
• Contaminated water (near industrial sites, military bases)
• Cosmetics & personal care products (waterproof mascara, dental floss)

How to Reduce Exposure & Lower Diabetes Risk

Filter drinking water (activated carbon or reverse osmosis filters remove PFAS).
Avoid non-stick pans (use stainless steel, cast iron, or ceramic instead).
Limit fast food & microwave popcorn (PFAS coatings in packaging).
Check labels for “PTFE” or “fluoro” ingredients in cosmetics.
Support policies banning non-essential PFAS use (some U.S. states & EU are taking action).

While more research is needed, evidence suggests that PFAS exposure may be a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Reducing exposure, alongside healthy diet and exercise, could help mitigate risk.

Reference:

https://www.ajmc.com/view/pfas-exposure-linked-to-increased-risk-of-type-2-diabetes-study-finds

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/exposure-pfas-forever-chemicals-linked-increased-type-2-diabetes-risk

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935123003171

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