GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1s) are medicines best known for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity. In recent years, scientists have begun exploring whether these drugs could also help in Alzheimer’s disease.

Why Are GLP-1 Drugs Being Studied?

Researchers believe GLP-1 drugs may protect the brain because they:

• Reduce brain inflammation
• Improve glucose use in brain cells
• May lower amyloid and tau buildup (key Alzheimer’s markers)
• Support nerve cell survival in laboratory studies

This has led to several GLP-1 medicines being tested in Alzheimer’s research.

Liraglutide (Victoza®, Saxenda®)

• Studied in small to mid-sized clinical trials
• Early results suggest slower brain shrinkage and possible cognitive benefits
• Still experimental for Alzheimer’s; more trials ongoing

Semaglutide (Ozempic®, Wegovy®)

• Tested in large phase-3 Alzheimer’s trials
• So far, studies have not shown clear improvement in memory or disease progression
• Research interest continues, but results are mixed

Exenatide, Dulaglutide & Others

• Mostly studied in animal models and observational human studies
• Show brain-protective effects in labs
• No strong clinical proof yet in Alzheimer’s patients

What Does This Mean for Patients?

• GLP-1 drugs are NOT approved treatments for Alzheimer’s
• They remain experimental in this area
• Some evidence suggests they may reduce dementia risk, but this does not prove treatment benefit

Bottom Line

GLP-1 medicines show scientific promise, especially for brain protection, but they have not yet proven effective as Alzheimer’s treatments in large human trials. Ongoing research will help clarify whether these drugs may play a role in prevention or early-stage disease in the future.

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